探通一体信号设计及其在典型探测场景中的应用研究进展

何亚萍; 施龙飞; 王东; 唐江澜; 陈俊先; 马佳智; 刘甲磊

doi:10.12000/JR24213

探通一体信号设计及其在典型探测场景中的应用研究进展

DOI: 10.12000/JR24213

1.
国防科技大学电子科学学院CEMEE国家重点实验室长沙 410073
2.
中国人民解放军95316部队广州 510000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62401579)

详细信息

作者简介:
何亚萍，博士生，主要研究方向为探通一体化信号设计与处理、雷达电子防御

施龙飞，研究员，博士，主要研究方向为新体制雷达、雷达电子防御

王　东，助理工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为雷达电子防御

唐江澜，博士生，主要研究方向为雷达波形设计与处理、雷达电子防御

陈俊先，硕士生，主要研究方向为雷达波形设计与处理、雷达电子防御

马佳智，副研究员，博士，主要研究方向为雷达电子防御、雷达极化信息处理

刘甲磊，工程师，硕士，主要研究方向为雷达电子防御

通讯作者:
施龙飞 longfei_shi@sina.com.cn

责任主编：唐波 Corresponding Editor: TANG Bo
中图分类号: TN958
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-10-24
- 修回日期: 2025-01-06

Research Progress on Dual Function Radar and Communication Signal Design and its Application in Typical Detection Scenarios

1.
State Key laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environmental Effects on Electronics and Information System, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2.
PLA 95316, Guangzhou 510000, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62401579)

More Information

Corresponding author: SHI Longfei, longfei_shi@sina.com.cn

摘要

摘要: 集探测与通信功能为一体的探通一体(DFRC)综合电子设备平台通过共享硬件平台和发射波形，有效缓解了平台受限、资源紧张、电磁兼容等问题，因此成为近年来的研究热点。以探测为核心、兼顾有限通信能力的DFRC技术，在未来实战中的预警监视、跟踪制导等典型探测场景中具有巨大的应用前景。该文重点关注在保证基本通信性能基础之上，通过有效调节探测与通信在多域资源利用方面的冲突和矛盾，实现雷达探测性能最优化的信号设计方法。该文首先总结了DFRC系统的性能衡量准则，然后全面地介绍了典型探测场景下DFRC信号设计方法，并深入分析了各信号设计方法存在的问题以及目前的解决方案。在最后对全文做了总结，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
- 探通一体系统 /
- 探通一体信号设计 /
- 简单探测场景 /
- 复杂探测场景 /
- 未来展望
Abstract: DuaL Function Radar and Communication (DFRC)–integrated electronic equipment platform, which combines detection and communication functions, effectively addresses issues such as platform limitations, resource constraints, and electromagnetic compatibility by sharing hardware platforms and transmitting waveforms. Therefore, it has become a research hotspot in recent years. The DFRC technology, centered on detection functionality and incorporating limited communication capabilities, has remarkable application prospects in typical detection scenarios, such as early warning and surveillance and tracking guidance under future combat conditions. This paper focuses on using the signal design method to optimize radar detection performance by effectively adjusting the trade-off between detection and communication in multi-domain resource utilization by guaranteeing a minimum communication performance. First, the performance measurement criteria of DFRC systems were summarized. Then, the paper provides a comprehensive introduction to the DFRC signal design methods under typical detection scenarios and a thorough analysis of the problems and current solutions of each signal design method. Finally, a summary and future research directions are outlined.
- Dual Function Radar and Communication (DFRC) system /
- DFRC signal design /
- Simple detection scenario /
- Complex detection scenarios /
- Future research directions

HTML全文

图 1 探通一体技术在军事项目中的发展时间线

Figure 1. The development timeline of DFRC technology in military projects

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图 2 探通一体应用场景示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the DFRC application scenario

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图 3 CRB-速率区域示意图

Figure 3. Illustration of the CRB-rate regions

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图 4 CPM-LFM与 LFM 信号的频谱及加汉明窗脉冲压缩输出对比^[68]

Figure 4. Comparison of spectrum and pulse compression output between CPM-LFM and LFM signal^[68]

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图 5 不同相位调制指数对应的距离多普勒响应^[21]

Figure 5. The range-doppler response of different CPM modulation index h^[21]

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图 6 FH-MIMO发射信号矩阵映射示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of FH-MIMO transmission signal matrix mapping

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图 7 FH-MIMO与基于FH-MIMO的混合调制信号AF对比^[84]

Figure 7. Comparison of AF between FH-MIMO and hybrid modulation signals based on FH-MIMO^[84]

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图 8 具有多普勒容限的DFRC信号^[108]

Figure 8. Doppler resilient DFRC signal^[108]

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图 9 子脉冲位置与相位映射示意图

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of subpulse position and phase mapping

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图 10 波束方向图(MUI能量为10^–3)^[54]

Figure 10. Beampattern of the dual function radar and communication systems with MUI energy of 10^–3[54]

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图 11 空时互模糊图^[96]

Figure 11. Space-time cross-ambiguity function^[96]

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图 12 动态环境下的多目标检测概率与RL训练时长之间的关系^[82]

Figure 12. Detection probability of multi-target in dynamic environment^[82]

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图 13 通过信息纠错剔除虚假目标原理^[63]

Figure 13. Principle of eliminating false targets through information error correction^[63]

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表 1 简单场景下DFRC波形存在的主要问题及解决方案总结

Table 1. Summary of major problems and solutions for DFRC waveforms in simple scenarios

具体指标	所需条件	主要矛盾	目前解决方案
探测威力	发射波形满足恒包络条件	恒包络约束限制了通信系统的自由度	将恒包络或低PAR作为信号优化约束条件^{[49,50,110,112]}
频谱扩展程度	波形相位连续	采用传统产生相位跳变的信息调制方式会使得主瓣之外的功率谱衰减速度较慢	采用相位连续的通信波形^{[21−23,47,48,68,69]}；采用相位变化幅度较小的调制方式^[27−30,38] 修改调制码元的取值和分布位置^[64,65]；
模糊函数特性	模糊函数具有良好的旁瓣特性	通信信息的随机特性导致距离旁瓣幅度波动	加窗反卷积技术^[64]；基于模糊函数特性优化发射信号^{[49,50,84,107,108]}；
天线方向图特性	发射功率尽量集中在天线方向图主瓣；波束指向性强	通信用户通常与目标处于不同的方位，波束主瓣对应的探测功率被分割	最大化主瓣探测功率或约束旁瓣通信用户的功率^[111,112]；基于天线方向图模板匹配^{[109,110,113]}
CRB	CRB尽量小	通信速率与CRB相互制约	发射信号具有确定的样本协方差矩阵^[41]

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表 2 复杂场景下的DFRC信号设计研究进展总结

Table 2. Summary of research progress on DFRC signal design in complex scenarios

复杂场景	需考虑的因素	目前存在的问题总结	可能的解决方案
杂波	杂波参数的获取非均匀时变杂波非平稳杂波	1.考虑的复杂环境不全面；	1.应根据实际的复杂地理环境、目标特性以及电子干扰特性等进行DFRC信号设计；
起伏目标	慢起伏目标快起伏目标	2.DFRC系统性能大部分情况下高度依赖于场景先验信息^{[54,55,77,82]}；	2.在信号设计过程中考虑先验信息的误差，设计鲁棒的发射信号^{[86,92,93,125]}；
多目标	多目标检测性能多目标参数估计性能密集多目标分离	3.DFRC信号设计对探测性能随内嵌通信信息的不同而出现起伏的问题考虑较少^[56,116,]；	3.可采用将通信信息变化考虑在内的性能指标^[8,42]、设计对传输信息变化不敏感的信号和快速生成发射信号的方法等；
电子对抗	干扰参数的获取典型有源/无源干扰分布式雷达探测体制	4.DFRC信号优化设计对模糊函数特性关注较少^{[54−56,77,82,86,93,116−126]}。 5.对动态环境下的波形自适应与动态调整方面关注较少。	4.可在优化模型中引入模糊函数特性^[79]； 5.引入认知技术、机器学习工具^[82]等。

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表 3 DFRC信号设计中常用优化算法总结

Table 3. Summary of commonly used optimization algorithms in DFRC signal design

优化算法	可适用的问题	算法原理	算法主要优势
CD	可分解的多维优化问题^[51,117]	每次优化迭代只沿单一维度搜索，得到当前维度的极小值之后再循环沿其他维度搜索，最终得到目标函数的收敛值。	1.可用于处理大规模问题； 2.对于可分离的问题，通常具有较快的收敛速度。
SDR	非凸的QCQP优化问题^{[56,93,116,121]}	通过放宽非凸约束，将原问题松弛为半正定规划问题，进而获取原问题的近似解。	1.将非凸问题转化为凸优化问题，并利用成熟的算法(如内点法)可在多项式时间内得到最优解。
MM	复杂非凸目标函数的优化问题^[56,59]	用易于求解的上界函数替代复杂的目标函数，通过优化上界函数来完成对原始目标函数的优化求解。	1.适用性广泛，可以处理各种类型的目标函数； 2.通常具有较好的收敛性。
ADMM	约束条件复杂且非凸的优化问题^[55,56,59]	将原始优化问题分解成若干个相对简单的子问题，再将子问题的解结合起来得到原始问题的最优解。	1.适用范围较广且通常具有较快的收敛速度； 2.可通过并行实现减少对大规模问题处理时的复杂度。

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