微波视觉三维SAR实验系统及其全极化数据处理方法

仇晓兰; 罗一通; 宋舒洁; 彭凌霄; 程遥; 颜千程; 上官松涛; 焦泽坤; 张柘; 丁赤飚

doi:10.12000/JR24137

微波视觉三维SAR实验系统及其全极化数据处理方法

doi: 10.12000/JR24137

仇晓兰^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
罗一通^{2, 4},
宋舒洁^{1, 3},
彭凌霄^{2, 4},
程遥^{2, 4},
颜千程^{1, 3},
上官松涛^{2, 4},
焦泽坤^{1, 3},
张柘^{2, 4},
丁赤飚¹

1.
微波成像技术全国重点实验室北京 100190
2.
苏州市微波成像处理与应用技术重点实验室苏州 215123
3.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100190
4.
苏州空天信息研究院苏州 215123

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重大项目(61991420, 61991421, 61991424)

详细信息

作者简介:
仇晓兰，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为SAR成像处理、SAR图像解译、新体制SAR

罗一通，硕士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为SAR图像几何处理、雷达摄影测量、SAR三维成像

宋舒洁，博士生，主要研究方向为全极化无人机载阵列干涉三维成像

彭凌霄，硕士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为SAR图像信息处理和应用、SAR图像仿真技术

程　遥，硕士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为SAR成像处理

颜千程，博士生，主要研究方向为阵列干涉SAR三维成像处理

上官松涛，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为遥感影像定量化标校与应用

焦泽坤，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为SAR微波视觉三维成像、多维度微波成像等

张　柘，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为新体制微波成像、稀疏信号处理及信号处理与人工智能的结合

丁赤飚，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达、遥感信息处理和应用系统等

通讯作者:
仇晓兰 xlqiu@mail.ie.ac.cn

责任主编：王岩 Corresponding Editor: WANG Yan
中图分类号: TN957.52
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-05
- 修回日期: 2024-09-02

Microwave Vision Three-dimensional SAR Experimental System and Full-polarimetric Data Processing Method

QIU Xiaolan^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
LUO Yitong^{2, 4},
SONG Shujie^{1, 3},
PENG Lingxiao^{2, 4},
CHENG Yao^{2, 4},
YAN Qiancheng^{1, 3},
SHANGGUAN Songtao^{2, 4},
JIAO Zekun^{1, 3},
ZHANG Zhe^{2, 4},
DING Chibiao¹

1.
National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Beijing 100190, China
2.
Suzhou Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Processing and Application Technology, Suzhou 215123, China
3.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
4.
Suzhou Aerospace Information Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61991420, 61991421, 61991424)

More Information

Corresponding author: QIU Xiaolan, xlqiu@mail.ie.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 三维合成孔径雷达在测绘制图、防灾减灾等诸多领域有应用潜力，已经成为SAR的重要研究方向。为减少三维SAR的观测次数或天线阵元数量，推动三维SAR的应用和发展，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院牵头研制了微波视觉三维SAR实验系统，旨在为微波视觉SAR三维成像提供实验平台和数据。该文针对微波视觉三维SAR实验系统及其全极化数据处理方法进行介绍，涵盖了极化校正、极化相干增强、极化约束三维成像、三维融合可视化等全流程的关键步骤。基于发布的SAR微波视觉三维成像全极化数据集，给出了三维成像结果示例，验证了微波视觉三维SAR实验系统的全极化性能以及处理方法的有效性。该文发布的数据集将为SAR三维成像研究提供良好的数据条件。
- SAR三维成像 /
- 微波视觉 /
- 极化阵列干涉 /
- 无人机载SAR /
- 多角度
Abstract: Three-Dimensional (3D) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) holds great potential for applications in fields such as mapping and disaster management, making it an important research focus in SAR technology. To advance the application and development of 3D SAR, especially by reducing the number of observations or antenna array elements, the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (AIRCAS) has pioneered the development of the full-polarimetric Microwave Vision 3D SAR experimental system (MV3DSAR). This system is designed to serve as an experimental platform and a source of data for microwave vision SAR 3D imaging studies. This study introduces the MV3DSAR experimental system along with its full-polarimetric SAR data set. It also proposes a set of full-polarimetric data processing scheme that covers essential steps such as polarization correction, polarization coherent enhancement, microwave vision 3D imaging, and 3D fusion visualization. The results from the 3D imaging data set confirm the full-polarimetric capabilities of the MV3DSAR experimental system and validate the effectiveness of the proposed processing method. The full-polarimetric unmanned aerial vehicle -borne array interferometric SAR data set, released through this study, offers enhanced data resources for advancing 3D SAR imaging research.
- SAR 3D Imaging /
- Microwave vision /
- Polarimetric array interference SAR /
- UAV-borne SAR /
- Multiview

HTML全文

图 1 MV3DSAR系统实物图

Figure 1. A photo of MV3DSAR system

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图 2 全极化MV3DSAR实验系统框图

Figure 2. Full-polarimetric MV3DSAR system block diagram

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图 3 苏研院光学影像及目标分布图(A～E区域分别为角反、几何散射体、树林、地下通道入口、车辆、工地塔吊)

Figure 3. Optical image and target distribution map (Area A～E are corner reflector, geometric scatterer, forest, underpass entrance, vehicle, tower crane)

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图 4 MV3DSAR飞行航迹设计

Figure 4. MV3DSAR flight track design

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图 5 MV3DSAR校飞实验基线设计

Figure 5. Baseline design of MV3DSAR

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图 6 观测矩阵互相关特性及空间模糊函数曲线

Figure 6. Cross-correlation properties of observation matrix and spatial ambiguity function curve

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图 7 最大不模糊高度及瑞利分辨率

Figure 7. Maximum unblurred height and Rayleigh resolution

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图 8 激光点云数据

Figure 8. Lidar point cloud data

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图 9 光学倾斜摄影结果

Figure 9. Optical oblique photography data

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图 10 全极化MV3DSAR数据处理总体流程

Figure 10. The overall flow of full-polarimetric MV3DSAR data processing

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图 11 基于能量最大极化投影的极化相干增强流程图

Figure 11. Flow chart of polarization coherent enhancement based on energy maximum polarization projection

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图 12 基于极化相似性约束的三维成像流程

Figure 12. Flow chart of 3D imaging based on polarization similarity constraint

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图 13 SAR三维可视化产品生产流程图

Figure 13. Flow chart of SAR 3D visual product production

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图 14 解叠掩图制作流程图

Figure 14. Flow chart of scatterer-unmixed image production

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图 15 手动选择场景中行道树区域作为极化标校对象

Figure 15. The street tree area in the scene is manually selected as the polarization calibration object

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图 16 场景在极化校正前后的Pauli伪彩图

Figure 16. Pauli pseudo-color image of the scene before and after polarization correction

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图 17 三面角反射器的极化失真评估

Figure 17. Evaluation of polarization distortion of a corner reflector

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图 18 单极化HH与本文提出的PEM方法的相干系数统计图(图例中的下角标代表不同通道组合)

Figure 18. Statistical diagram of the coherence coefficients of the single polarization HH and the proposed PEM method (The lower corner marks in the legend represent different channel combinations.)

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图 19 R₁～R₄通道能量统计图(图例中的下角标代表通道序号)

Figure 19. Energy statistical diagram of channel R₁～R₄ (The lower corner mark in the legend represents the channel number.)

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图 20 三维成像结果对比(整体)

Figure 20. Overall comparison of SAR 3D point clouds

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图 21 三维成像结果对比(配套楼屋顶细节)

Figure 21. Detailed SAR 3D point clouds comparison of area1

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图 22 某个飞行航迹下的解叠掩图

Figure 22. A set of 2D Scatterer-Unmixed images under a flight track

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图 23 某个飞行航迹下的三维融合可视化产品

Figure 23. A 3D fusion visualization product under a flight track

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表 1 全极化Ku-SAR载荷参数

Table 1. Parameters of full-polarimetric Ku-SAR payload

序号	参数名称	参数值或内容
1	中心频率	15.2 GHz
2	信号形式	调频连续波(FMCW)
3	极化方式	HH/HV/VH/VV
4	信号带宽	1200 MHz
5	天线尺寸(单通道)	0.05 m(俯仰)×0.32 m(方位)
6	每个极化的阵列通道数	4
7	分辨率	优于0.2 m×0.2 m
8	天线波束宽度	方位：≥4° 俯仰：≥24°
9	天线极化隔离度	优于25 dB
10	通道相位不平衡稳定度	±5°(10 min内)
11	通道幅度不平衡稳定度	±0.2 dB(10 min内)
12	中心视角	45°
13	NESZ	不大于–30 dB (最远作用距离3.6 km)
14	Ku-SAR重量	主机、存储、电池、天线、结构等一共5.7 kg

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表 2 三维重建精度对比

Table 2. Comparison of 3D reconstruction accuracy

三维成像方法	点云三维重建精度(m)
HH单极化	1.51
VV单极化	1.46
无约束的全极化	1.36
极化相似性约束的全极化	0.93

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