基于涡旋电磁波新体制的雷达前视三维成像

潘浩然 马晖 胡敦法 刘宏伟

潘浩然, 马晖, 胡敦法, 等. 基于涡旋电磁波新体制的雷达前视三维成像[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 2024, 13(5): 1109–1122. doi: 10.12000/JR24123
引用本文: 潘浩然, 马晖, 胡敦法, 等. 基于涡旋电磁波新体制的雷达前视三维成像[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 2024, 13(5): 1109–1122. doi: 10.12000/JR24123
PAN Haoran, MA Hui, HU Dunfa, et al. Novel forward-looking three-dimensional imaging based on vortex electromagnetic wave radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(5): 1109–1122. doi: 10.12000/JR24123
Citation: PAN Haoran, MA Hui, HU Dunfa, et al. Novel forward-looking three-dimensional imaging based on vortex electromagnetic wave radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(5): 1109–1122. doi: 10.12000/JR24123

基于涡旋电磁波新体制的雷达前视三维成像

DOI: 10.12000/JR24123 CSTR: 32380.14.JR24123
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3902400),国家自然科学基金面上基金(62471362),国家自然基金青年基金(61901344),博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20180239),博士后基金(2019M653562),高等学校学科创新引智计划(B18039)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    潘浩然,博士生,主要研究方向为涡旋电磁新体制雷达与雷达信号处理

    马 晖,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为雷达成像、新体制雷达、智能雷达、雷达信号处理

    胡敦法,硕士生,主要研究方向为电磁涡旋波新体制雷达、雷达成像

    刘宏伟,博士,教授,主要研究方向为雷达目标识别、认知探测、网络化协同探测、雷达智能化

    通讯作者:

    马晖 h.ma@xidian.edu.cn

  • 责任主编:刘康 Corresponding Editor: LIU Kang
  • 中图分类号: TN95

Novel Forward-looking Three-dimensional Imaging Based on Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Radar

Funds: The National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFB3902400), The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (62471362), The National Nature Fund Youth Fund (61901344), The Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program (BX20180239), The Postdoctoral Fund (2019M653562), The Discipline Innovation and Talent Introduction Program of Colleges and Universities (B18039)
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  • 摘要: 涡旋电磁波具有独特的波前相位调制特性,其作为一种新的雷达发射端分集模式,可实现目标雷达截面积 (RCS)分集、提升信号与信息处理维度和性能,其探测与成像性能在多种雷达体制中得到了验证。该文针对前视雷达成像的应用背景,基于均匀圆阵发射与圆阵中心单天线接收的收发体制,在建立了电磁涡旋前视雷达信号模型与成像模型的基础上,提出了一种分时多模态扫描的成像方法,利用多模态涡旋电磁波在不同俯仰角的幅度差异性和在不同方位角的相位差异性,以及雷达与目标相对运动产生的多普勒效应,提出了改进的后向投影-距离多普勒算法,实现了目标三维成像。由于涡旋电磁波的能量发散特点,随着俯仰角增大,高模态方向图增益急剧下降,该文所提方法通过对多个模态在空域能量分布的有效利用,在较大视场角下具有较高的稳定性。基于点目标成像结果,验证了在多模态涡旋波覆盖的较大视场范围内,目标成像结果的归一化等效增益在低俯仰角与高俯仰角处基本相当。所提方法通过对飞机目标的实验验证,根据成像结果可较为准确地重构目标的三维结构。

     

  • 图  1  涡旋雷达前视成像几何模型

    Figure  1.  Geometry of vortex radar forward-looking imaging

    图  2  涡旋雷达前视成像坐标系

    Figure  2.  The coordinate system of vortex radar forward-looking imaging

    图  3  分时多模态发射模式示意图

    Figure  3.  Procedure of time division multiple modes

    图  4  成像算法处理过程

    Figure  4.  Flowchart of the proposed imaging algorithm

    图  5  三维成像网络

    Figure  5.  Gridding the imaging scenario

    图  6  网络变换关系示意图

    Figure  6.  The grid projection of range and elevation

    图  7  阵元合成效果图

    Figure  7.  Rendering of array synthesis

    图  8  贝塞尔函数幅度调制影响

    Figure  8.  Amplitude modulation of Bessel functions

    图  9  归一化信号处理增益变化图(以俯仰角θ=0为参考点进行归一化)

    Figure  9.  Signal processing gain curves with different elevation (based on zero angle, normalized signal processing gain)

    图  10  三维点目标成像结果对比图

    Figure  10.  Three-dimensional profiles of the target imaging results

    图  13  目标2不同维度的成像结果($ \theta =0.15\mathrm{\pi } $)

    Figure  13.  Point target 2 imaging results in different dimensions ($ \theta =0.15\mathrm{\pi } $)

    图  11  不同速度偏差-聚焦成像偏差曲线

    Figure  11.  Imaging bias with different velocity bias

    图  12  目标1不同维度的成像结果($ \theta =0.1\mathrm{\pi } $)

    Figure  12.  Point target 1 imaging results in different dimensions ($ \theta =0.1\mathrm{\pi } $)

    图  14  多目标不同维度的成像结果

    Figure  14.  Multi-object imaging results

    图  15  飞机目标实验场景照片

    Figure  15.  The scene of aircraft target experiment

    图  16  实测数据在不同模态下的脉压结果

    Figure  16.  Pulse pressure results of measured data with different modes

    图  17  飞机目标的三维成像图

    Figure  17.  Three-dimensional image of the aircraft target

    图  18  飞机目标三维成像的二维切面图

    Figure  18.  Aircraft target imaging results in different dimensions

    表  1  不同俯仰位置下信号处理增益变化

    Table  1.   Signal processing gain of different elevation

    俯仰角θ
    (rad)
    有效模态 输入信
    噪比(dB)
    输出信
    噪比(dB)
    归一化信号处理
    增益(dB)
    0 [0] 12.4140 52.3270 39.9130
    0.01$\pi $ [–2, 2] 12.4140 52.3231 39.9091
    0.02$\pi $ [–4, 4] 12.4140 52.3115 39.8975
    0.03$\pi $ [–6, 6] 12.4140 52.2922 39.8782
    0.04$\pi $ [–8, 8] 12.4140 52.2653 39.8513
    0.05$\pi $ [–10, 10] 12.4140 52.2307 39.8167
    0.06$\pi $ [–12, 12] 12.4140 52.1887 39.7747
    0.07$\pi $ [–14, 14] 12.4140 52.1393 39.7253
    0.08$\pi $ [–16, 16] 12.4140 52.0826 39.6686
    0.09$\pi $ [–18, 18] 12.4140 52.0188 39.6048
    0.10$\pi $ [–20, 20] 12.4140 51.9482 39.5342
    0.11$\pi $ [–23, 23] 12.4133 51.8693 51.4341
    0.12$\pi $ [–25, 25] 12.4010 51.7580 39.3570
    0.13$\pi $ [–27, 27] 12.2969 51.4341 39.1372
    0.14$\pi $ [–28, 28] 11.9384 50.5159 38.5775
    0.15$\pi $ [–30, 30] 11.7014 49.8458 38.1444
    0.16$\pi $ [–32, 32] 12.2512 51.0137 38.7625
    0.17$\pi $ [–34, 34] 12.2907 50.9907 38.7001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  仿真参数

    Table  2.   Simulation parameters

    参数 数值
    目标1的$R - \theta - \varphi $坐标(m, rad, rad) (300, 0.10$\pi $, 0.055$\pi $)
    目标2的$R - \theta - \varphi $坐标(m, rad, rad) (300, 0.15$\pi $, 0.055$\pi $)
    雷达UCA阵元数量N (个) 64
    UCA半径${r_a}$ (m) 0.09
    信号载频${f_{\mathrm{c}}}$ (GHz) 35
    信号脉冲周期${T_{\mathrm{p}}}$ ($ \text{μ}\text{s} $) 0.54
    带宽B (MHz) 300
    OAM范围 [–30, 30]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  实测参数

    Table  3.   Experimental parameters

    参数 数值
    飞机模型中心位置(m) 4.5
    飞机模型在XYZ上的跨度(m) (1.5, 0.08, 1.15)
    阵元数量N (个) 16
    UCA半径${r_a}$ (m) 0.0615
    信号载频${f_{\mathrm{c}}}$ (GHz) 35.025
    信号脉冲周期${T_{\mathrm{p}}}$ ($ \text{μ}\text{s} $) 0.54
    带宽B (MHz) 300
    OAM范围 [–7, 7]
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2024-06-19
  • 修回日期:  2024-09-02
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-09-23
  • 刊出日期:  2024-09-28

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