作者中心
专家审稿
责编办公
编辑办公
Anti-ISRJ Method Based on Intrapulse Frequency-coded Joint Frequency Modulation Slope Agile Radar Waveform
-
摘要: 间歇采样转发干扰(ISRJ)是一种脉内相参干扰，能在目标斜距前后形成多个逼真假目标来严重影响雷达检测，是当前电子反对抗的热点之一。针对这一问题，该文提出了一种基于脉内频率编码联合调频斜率捷变波形的抗ISRJ方法。首先，雷达发射脉内频率编码联合调频斜率捷变信号，通过子脉冲中心频率、调频斜率捷变提高子脉冲间相互掩护能力。之后依据发射信号子脉冲斜率变化时序将回波信号划分为多个切片。然后利用模糊C均值(FCM)算法对回波切片进行干扰识别。最后在分数阶域和时域对回波信号进行级联滤波。仿真结果表明，FCM方法在信噪比(SNR)大于－2.5 dB和干信比(JSR)大于5 dB时，能100%识别干扰机同步采样场景下回波中的受干扰回波切片。在较高JSR和低SNR下，所提方法能有效减少目标能量损失并抑制剩余干扰产生的距离旁瓣。在JSR为50 dB时，干扰抑制后的目标检测概率可达90%以上。
-
关键词:
- 间歇采样转发干扰 /
- 频率编码联合调频斜率捷变 /
- 分数阶傅里叶变换 /
- 时域滤波 /
- 电子反对抗
Abstract: Interrupted Sampling Repeater Jamming (ISRJ) is a type of intrapulse coherent jamming that can form multiple realistic false targets that lead or lag behind the actual target, severely affecting radar detection. It is one of the hotspots of current research on electronic counter-countermeasures. To address this problem, an anti-ISRJ method based on an intrapulse frequency-coded joint Frequency Modulation (FM) slope agile waveform is proposed in this paper. In this method, the radar first transmits an intrapulse frequency-coded joint FM slope agile signal to improve the mutual coverability of subpulses by manipulating subpulse center frequency and FM slope agility. Next, the echo signal is divided into several slices according to the subpulse timing of the transmitted signal. Then, the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithm is used to classify the echo slices. Finally, the interference is suppressed via fractional-domain joint time domain filtering. Simulation results show that the FCM-based method can identify 100% of the interfered echo slices in a jammer synchronous sampling scenario when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is greater than −2.5 dB, and the Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) is greater than 5 dB. For high JSRs and low SNRs, the proposed method can effectively reduce the target energy loss and suppress the range sidelobes generated via residual interference. Moreover, the target detection probability after interference suppression exceeds 90% when JSR = 50 dB. -
图 1 脉内频率编码联合调频斜率捷变信号时频图
Figure 1. Time-frequency diagram of intrapulse frequency-coded joint FM slope agile waveform
图 3 脉内频率编码回波信号时频分布
Figure 3. Time-frequency distribution of the intrapulse frequency coded echo signal
图 4 脉内调频斜率捷变信号的最优变换阶次分布
Figure 4. Optimal fractional order distribution of the intrapulse FM slope agile signal
图 5 单参数捷变波形与双参数捷变波形的自相关结果对比
Figure 5. Comparison of autocorrelation results between single-parameter agile waveform and dual-parameter agile waveform
图 8 脉内频率编码联合调频斜率捷变信号的时频图
Figure 8. Time-frequency diagram of the intrapulse frequency coded joint FM slope agile signal
图 13 不同方法抗ISDRJ后的目标检测概率
Figure 13. The TDP of echo signal containing ISDRJ after interference suppression by different methods
图 14 不同方法抗ISPRJ后的目标检测概率
Figure 14. The TDP of echo signal containing ISPRJ after interference suppression by different methods
图 15 不同方法抗ISCRJ后的目标检测概率
Figure 15. The TDP of echo signal containing ISCRJ after interference suppression by different methods
图 16 干扰抑制后脉压结果(${\tau _{\mathrm{d}}} = 1{\text{ }} {\text{μs}}$)
Figure 16. Pulse compression results after interference suppression (${\tau _{\mathrm{d}}} = 1{\text{ }} {\text{μs}}$)
图 17 采样延时与干扰抑制后目标归一化幅度关系
Figure 17. Relationship curve between sampling delay and normalized amplitude of target after interference suppression
图 18 干扰抑制后脉压结果(${\tau _{\mathrm{j}}}/{T_{{\mathrm{sub}}}} = 1.6$)
Figure 18. Pulse compression results after interference suppression (${\tau _{\mathrm{j}}}/{T_{{\mathrm{sub}}}} = 1.6$)
图 19 采样脉冲宽度与干扰抑制后目标归一化幅度关系
Figure 19. Relationship curve between sampling pulse duration and normalized amplitude of target after interference suppression
1 模糊C均值算法
1. Fuzzy C-mean algorithm
输入：X：样本集；N：样本数；K：类别数； 输出：$ {\mathrm{Label}}\left( {{x_i}} \right),i = 1,2, \cdots ,N $：样本所属类别 初始化：U：隶属度矩阵； $\ell = 2$：模糊加权指数； $\varepsilon = {10^{ - 5}}$：阈值； $h = 1$：迭代次数 1: repeat 2: 根据式(12)计算各聚类中心 3: 根据式(11)更新隶属度矩阵U 4: until $\left\| {{{\boldsymbol{U}}_h} - {{\boldsymbol{U}}_{h - 1}}} \right\| \le \varepsilon $ 5: else 6: $h = h + 1$ 7: return $ {\mathrm{Label}}\left( {{x_i}} \right),i = 1,2, \cdots ,N $ 
下载: 导出CSV
表 1 仿真实验的参数设置
Table 1. Parameter settings for simulation experiments
参数 数值 雷达发射信号脉宽${T_{\rm p}}$ 100 μs 子脉冲脉宽${T_{{\mathrm{sub}}}}$ 5 μs 子脉冲数N 20 子脉冲最小带宽${B_{\min }}$ 2 MHz 子脉冲最大带宽${B_{\max }}$ 10 MHz 子脉冲载频最大间隔${B_0}$ 10 MHz 采样频率${f_{\mathrm{s}}}$ 20 MHz 干扰机采样脉冲宽度${\tau _{\mathrm{j}}}$ 5 μs 间歇采样重复周期${T_{\mathrm{s}}}$ 25 μs 干信比(JSR) 20 dB 信噪比(SNR) 0 dB
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同方法在不同SNR下的JSR容限(dB)
Table 2. The JSR tolerance of different methods at different SNRs (dB)
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] HANBALI S B S and KASTANTIN R. A review of self-protection deceptive jamming against chirp radars[J]. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies, 2017, 9(9): 1853–1861. doi: 10.1017/S1759078717000708. [2] SPARROW M J and CIKALO J. ECM techniques to counter pulse compression radar[P]. US, 7081846, 2006. [3] RIABUKHA V P, SEMENIAKA A V, KATIUSHYN Y A, et al. Pulse DRFM jamming formation and its mathematical simulation[C]. 2022 IEEE 2nd Ukrainian Microwave Week, Ukraine, 2022: 654–659. doi: 10.1109/UkrMW58013.2022.10037145. [4] WANG Xuesong, LIU Jiancheng, ZHANG Wenming, et al. Mathematic principles of interrupted-sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ)[J]. Science in China Series F: Information Sciences, 2007, 50(1): 113–123. doi: 10.1007/s11432-007-2017-y. [5] LAN Lan, MARINO A, AUBRY A, et al. GLRT-based adaptive target detection in FDA-MIMO radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2021, 57(1): 597–613. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2020.3028485. [6] LAN Lan, XU Jingwei, LIAO Guisheng, et al. Suppression of mainbeam deceptive jammer with FDA-MIMO radar[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 69(10): 11584–11598. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2020.3014689. [7] 全英汇, 方文, 沙明辉, 等. 频率捷变雷达波形对抗技术现状与展望[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(11): 3126–3136. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.11.11.QUAN Yinghui, FANG Wen, SHA Minghui, et al. Present situation and prospects of frequency agility radar waveform countermeasures[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(11): 3126–3136. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.11.11. [8] 王晓戈, 陈辉, 倪萌钰, 等. 基于相位调制的雷达抗假目标干扰方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2021, 43(9): 2476–2483. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.09.14.WANG Xiaoge, CHEN Hui, NI Mengyu, et al. Radar anti-false target jamming method based on phase modulation[J] Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2021, 43(9): 2476–2483. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2021.09.14. [9] YAN Yifei, CHEN Hao, and SU Junhai. Overview on anti-jamming technology in main lobe of radar[C]. 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang, China, 2021: 67–71. doi: 10.1109/AUTEEE52864.2021.9668666. [10] 张建中, 穆贺强, 文树梁, 等. 基于LFM分段脉冲压缩的抗间歇采样转发干扰方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2019, 41(7): 1712–1720. doi: 10.11999/JEIT180851.ZHANG Jianzhong, MU Heqiang, WEN Shuliang, et al. Anti-intermittent sampling repeater jamming method based on LFM segmented pulse compression[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2019, 41(7): 1712–1720. doi: 10.11999/JEIT180851. [11] 万鹏程, 白渭雄, 付孝龙. 基于FrFT的LFM间歇采样转发干扰对抗方法[J]. 火力与指挥控制, 2018, 43(10): 35–39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2018.10.007.WAN Pengcheng, BAI Weixiong, and FU Xiaolong. Fractional fourier transform-based LFM radars for countering interrupted-sampling repeater jamming[J]. Fire Control & Command Control, 2018, 43(10): 35–39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2018.10.007. [12] CHEN Jian, WU Wenzhen, XU Shiyou, et al. Band pass filter design against interrupted-sampling repeater jamming based on time-frequency analysis[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2019, 13(10): 1646–1654. doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2018.5658. [13] YUAN Hui, WANG Chunyang, LI Xin, et al. A method against interrupted-sampling repeater jamming based on energy function detection and band-pass filtering[J]. International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 2017: 6759169. doi: 10.1155/2017/6759169. [14] 周超, 刘泉华, 胡程. 间歇采样转发式干扰的时频域辨识与抑制[J]. 雷达学报, 2019, 8(1): 100–106. doi: 10.12000/JR18080.ZHOU Chao, LIU Quanhua, and HU Cheng. Time-frequency analysis techniques for recognition and suppression of interrupted sampling repeater jamming[J]. Journal of Radars, 2019, 8(1): 100–106. doi: 10.12000/JR18080. [15] 盖季妤, 姜维, 张凯翔, 等. 基于差分特征的间歇采样转发干扰辨识与抑制方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(1): 186–196. doi: 10.12000/JR22058.GAI Jiyu, JIANG Wei, ZHANG Kaixiang, et al. A method for interrupted-sampling repeater jamming identification and suppression based on differential features[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(1): 186–196. doi: 10.12000/JR22058. [16] ZHOU Chao, LIU Quanhua, and CHEN Xinliang. Parameter estimation and suppression for DRFM-based interrupted sampling repeater jammer[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2018, 12(1): 56–63. doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2017.0114. [17] 刘孟斐, 陈吉源, 潘小义, 等. 基于信息熵的分段脉压间歇采样干扰抑制[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2023, 21(3): 264–272, 281. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2023.03.004.LIU Mengfei, CHEN Jiyuan, PAN Xiaoyi, et al. Interrupted sampling jamming suppression based on piecewise pulse compression and shannon entropy[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2023, 21(3): 264–272, 281. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2023.03.004. [18] LU Lu and GAO Meiguo. An improved sliding matched filter method for interrupted sampling repeater jamming suppression based on jamming reconstruction[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022, 22(10): 9675–9684. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3159561. [19] 张建中, 穆贺强, 文树梁, 等. 基于脉内步进LFM波形的抗间歇采样转发干扰方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2019, 41(5): 1013–1020. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2019.05.12.ZHANG Jianzhong, MU Heqiang, WEN Shuliang, et al. Anti interrupted-sampling repeater jamming method based on stepped LFM waveform[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2019, 41(5): 1013–1020. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2019.05.12. [20] ZHOU Kai, LI Dexin, SU Yi, et al. Joint design of transmit waveform and mismatch filter in the presence of interrupted sampling repeater jamming[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2020, 27: 1610–1614. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2020.3021667. [21] 周凯, 何峰, 粟毅. 一种快速抗间歇采样转发干扰波形和滤波器联合设计算法[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(2): 264–277. doi: 10.12000/JR22015.ZHOU Kai, HE Feng, and SU Yi. Fast algorithm for joint waveform and filter design against interrupted sampling repeater jamming[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(2): 264–277. doi: 10.12000/JR22015. [22] WANG Fulai, LI Nanjun, PANG Chen, et al. Complementary sequences and receiving filters design for suppressing interrupted sampling repeater jamming[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2022, 19: 4022305. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2022.3156164. [23] 董淑仙, 吴耀君, 方文, 等. 频率捷变雷达联合模糊C均值抗间歇采样干扰[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(2): 289–300. doi: 10.12000/JR21205.DONG Shuxian, WU Yaojun, FANG Wen, et al. Anti-interrupted sampling repeater jamming method based on frequency-agile radar joint fuzzy C-means[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(2): 289–300. doi: 10.12000/JR21205. [24] 刘智星, 杜思予, 吴耀君, 等. 脉间-脉内捷变频雷达抗间歇采样干扰方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(2): 301–312. doi: 10.12000/JR22001.LIU Zhixing, DU Siyu, WU Yaojun, et al. Anti-interrupted sampling repeater jamming method for interpulse and intrapulse frequency-agile radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(2): 301–312. doi: 10.12000/JR22001. [25] 杜思予, 刘智星, 吴耀君, 等. 频率捷变波形联合时频滤波器抗间歇采样转发干扰[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2023, 45(12): 3819–3827. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.12.11.DU Siyu, LIU Zhixing, WU Yaojun, et al. Frequency agility waveform combined with time-frequency filter to suppress interrupted-sampling repeater jamming[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2023, 45(12): 3819–3827. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2023.12.11. [26] 牛闯, 林强, 段敏, 等. 脉内频率-时延捷变雷达抗间歇采样转发干扰方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2024, 46(5): 1583–1598. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.05.13.NIU Chuang, LIN Qiang, DUAN Min, et al. Anti-interrupted sampling and repeater jamming method for intra-pulse frequency and time delay agile radar[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2024, 46(5): 1583–1598. doi: 10.12305/j.issn.1001-506X.2024.05.13. [27] 张亮, 王国宏, 张翔宇, 等. 基于分数阶字典的间歇采样转发干扰自适应抑制算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020, 42(7): 1439–1448. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.07.02.ZHANG Liang, WANG Guohong, ZHANG Xiangyu, et al. Interrupted-sampling repeater jamming adaptive suppression algorithm based on fractional dictionary[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020, 42(7): 1439–1448. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2020.07.02. [28] BAHER S and HANBALI S. Countering self-protection smeared spectrum jamming against chirp radars[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2021, 15(4): 382–389. doi: 10.1049/rsn2.12046. [29] BEZDEK J C, EHRLICH R, and FULL W. FCM: The fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm[J]. Computers & Geosciences, 1984, 10(2/3): 191–203. doi: 10.1016/0098-3004(84)90020-7. [30] WANG Cong, ZHOU Mengchu, PEDRYCZ W, et al. Comparative study on noise-estimation-based fuzzy C-means clustering for image segmentation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 2024, 54(1): 241–253. doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2022.3217897.3. [31] ALMEIDA L B. The fractional Fourier transform and time-frequency representations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1994, 42(11): 3084–3091. doi: 10.1109/78.330368. [32] WANG Xiaoge, CHEN Hui, LIU Weijian, et al. Echo preprocessing-based smeared spectrum interference suppression[J]. Electronics, 2023, 12(17): 3690. doi: 10.3390/electronics12173690. -
计量
- 文章访问数: 311
- HTML全文浏览量: 192
- PDF下载量: 126
- 被引次数: 0
