雷达对海探测试验与目标特性数据获取

关键 刘宁波 王国庆 丁昊 董云龙 黄勇 田凯祥 张梦雨

关键, 刘宁波, 王国庆, 等. 雷达对海探测试验与目标特性数据获取——海上目标双极化多海况散射特性数据集[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(2): 456–469. doi: 10.12000/JR23029
引用本文: 关键, 刘宁波, 王国庆, 等. 雷达对海探测试验与目标特性数据获取——海上目标双极化多海况散射特性数据集[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(2): 456–469. doi: 10.12000/JR23029
GUAN Jian, LIU Ningbo, WANG Guoqing, et al. Sea-detecting radar experiment and target feature data acquisition for dual polarization multistate scattering dataset of marine targets[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(2): 456–469. doi: 10.12000/JR23029
Citation: GUAN Jian, LIU Ningbo, WANG Guoqing, et al. Sea-detecting radar experiment and target feature data acquisition for dual polarization multistate scattering dataset of marine targets[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(2): 456–469. doi: 10.12000/JR23029

雷达对海探测试验与目标特性数据获取——海上目标双极化多海况散射特性数据集

DOI: 10.12000/JR23029
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62101583, 61871392),泰山学者工程(tsqn202211246)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    关 键,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为雷达目标检测跟踪与识别、海上目标信息感知与融合

    刘宁波,副教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为海上目标探测、雷达目标特征检测

    王国庆,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为海上目标探测技术、雷达信号采集与处理

    丁 昊,副教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为海杂波特性认知与抑制、海杂波中目标检测

    董云龙,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为多传感器信息融合

    黄 勇,副教授,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为雷达目标检测、MIMO雷达信号处理

    通讯作者:

    刘宁波 lnb198300@163.com

    王国庆 gqwang80@163.com

  • 责任主编:许述文 Corresponding Editor: XU Shuwen
  • 中图分类号: TN959

Sea-detecting Radar Experiment and Target Feature Data Acquisition for Dual Polarization Multistate Scattering Dataset of Marine Targets(in English)

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62101583, 61871392), The Taishan Scholars Program (tsqn202211246)
More Information
  • 摘要: 海上目标检测识别受制于海上目标及海杂波环境特性,基于实测数据认知海上目标的本质特征有利于推进目标检测识别技术进步。针对海上目标散射特性数据不足的问题,升级“雷达对海探测数据共享计划(SDRDSP)”,扩展雷达目标观测的物理维度、提升雷达及辅助数据采集能力,获取不同极化、海况下的海上目标及环境数据,构建海上目标双极化多海况散射特性数据集,并分析其统计分布特性、时间与空间相关性和多普勒谱特性,为数据使用提供支持。后续将推进海上目标类型与数量的持续积累,为海上目标检测识别性能提升和智能化发展提供数据支持。

     

  • 图  1  两部X波段固态全相参雷达

    Figure  1.  Two X-band solid-state fully coherent radars

    图  2  组合脉冲发射的3种模式

    Figure  2.  Three modes of combined pulse emission

    图  3  HD-LD-CJ-22型雷达数据采集设备与显控软件

    Figure  3.  HD-LD-CJ-22 radar data acquisition and control software

    图  4  环芝罘岛试验场俯瞰图

    Figure  4.  Overview of the Zhifu island test site

    图  5  航道浮标

    Figure  5.  Channel buoy

    图  6  试验海域气象水文数据(NC数据)

    Figure  6.  Meteorological and hydrological data of the test sea area (NC data)

    图  7  HH极化雷达示例数据

    Figure  7.  Typical data of HH polarized radar

    图  8  VV极化雷达示例数据

    Figure  8.  Typical data of VV polarized radar

    图  9  海杂波单元幅度分布拟合结果

    Figure  9.  Amplitude distribution fitting results of sea clutter bins

    图  10  海杂波与目标单元时间相关性

    Figure  10.  Time correlation of sea clutter and target bin

    图  11  距离维空间相关性

    Figure  11.  Spatial correlation of distance dimension

    图  12  目标单元(浮标1)时频谱

    Figure  12.  Time spectrum of target bins (buoy 1)

    S1  雷达对海探测数据2022年第1期——海上目标散射特性数据集

    S1.  Sea-detecting radar data 2022 phase 1--Sea target scattering feature dataset

    图  1  Two X-band solid-state fully coherent radars

    图  2  Three modes of combined pulse emission

    图  3  HD-LD-CJ-22 radar data acquisition and control software

    图  4  Overview of the Zhifu island test site

    图  5  Channel buoy

    图  6  Meteorological and hydrological data of the test sea area (NC data)

    图  7  Typical data of HH polarized radar

    图  8  Typical data of VV polarized radar

    图  9  Amplitude distribution fitting results of sea clutter bins

    图  10  Time correlation of sea clutter and target bin

    图  11  Spatial correlation of distance dimension

    图  12  Time spectrum of target bins (buoy 1)

    S1  Sea-detecting radar data 2022 phase 1--Sea target scattering feature dataset

    表  1  已共享的雷达对海探测数据

    Table  1.   Shared sea-detecting radar data

    年期 雷达波段极化方式数据简介
    2019年第1期XHH3组数据,主要为扫描和凝视观测模式下的海杂波数据,目标为海面非合作目标。
    2020年第1期XHH2组数据,主要为凝视观测模式下的海杂波数据、海杂波+目标数据,目标为锚泊船只和航道浮标。
    2020年第2期XHH2组数据,为海面机动目标跟踪试验数据,目标为海面合作目标(小型快艇)。
    2020年第3期XHH1组数据,为雷达目标RCS定标试验数据,目标为RCS为0.25 m2不锈钢球,由渔船拖动或漂浮。
    2021年第1期XHH5组数据,为云雨气象条件下的雷达不同转速扫描试验数据,海面无合作目标。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  X波段试验雷达参数

    Table  2.   Parameters of X-band experimental radars

    雷达技术指标HH极化VV极化
    工作频段XX
    工作频率范围9.3~9.5 GHz9.3~9.5 GHz
    量程1/16~96 n mile1/16~96 n mile
    扫描带宽25 MHz (T2, T3)25 MHz (T2, T3)
    距离分辨率6 m6 m
    脉冲重复频率(kHz)1.6, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.01.6, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0
    发射波形T1:单频
    T2:LFM
    T3:LFM
    T1:单频
    T2:LFM
    T3:LFM
    脉冲宽度T1:0.15 μs
    T2:8 μs
    T3:25 μs
    T1:0.15 μs
    T2:8 μs
    T3:25 μs
    发射峰值功率100 W100 W
    天线转速(r/min)2, 6, 12, 24, 482, 6, 12, 24, 48
    天线长度2.0 m2.5 m
    天线工作模式圆扫、扇扫、
    固定指向
    圆扫、扇扫、
    固定指向
    天线极化方式HHVV
    天线水平波束宽度1.2°1.1°
    天线垂直波束宽度22°23°
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  海上目标散射特性数据集概况表

    Table  3.   Summary table of sea target scattering characteristics dataset

    序号海况
    等级
    数据
    组数
    雷达天线
    工作模式
    工作
    量程
    发射脉冲模式目标
    种类
    气象水文数据擦地角
    (°)
    12级10组凝视6 n mileT1+T2航道浮标0.68~1.09
    23级54组凝视6 n mileT1+T2航道浮标0.68~1.09
    34级48组凝视6 n mileT1+T2航道浮标0.68~1.09
    45级30组凝视6 n mileT1+T2航道浮标0.68~1.09
    注:① 每天气象水文数据形成一个nc格式文件,提供风速/风向/浪高/浪向/浪周期信息;
      ② 凝视模式下每组数据包含的脉冲数均为217个;
      ③ 发射脉冲模式T1+T2,对应图2中的模式2;
      ④ 雷达垂直波束保持不变,擦地角范围是通过雷达架高和数据对应的径向距离范围折算得到的。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  2-5级海况HH与VV极化雷达示例数据

    Table  4.   Sample data of HH and VV polarized radars in level 2-5 sea states

    数据名包含
    脉冲数
    PRF
    (kHz)
    T1
    采样点数
    T2
    采样点数
    T1, T2采样起始
    距离(km)
    采样间隔(m)目标浪高
    (m)
    浪向海况
    等级
    20221115050027_stare_HH217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 20.4西2级
    20221115050036_stare_VV217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 20.4西2级
    20221114190046_stare_HH217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 20.7西西北3级
    20221114190055_stare_VV217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 20.7西西北3级
    20221113210051_stare_HH217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 21.3北东北4级
    20221113210023_stare_VV217295010004.25252.5浮标21.3北东北4级
    20221113040027_stare_HH217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 22.65级
    20221113040009_stare_VV217295010004.25252.5浮标1, 22.65级
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  1  Shared sea-detecting radar data

    Year, issue Radar band Polarization mode Data description
    2019, Issue 1 X HH 3 datasets: Primarily sea clutter data collected in scanning and staring observation modes with noncooperative surface targets.
    2020, Issue 1 X HH 2 datasets: Sea clutter data and combined sea clutter + target data collected in staring observation mode with anchored vessels and channel buoys as targets.
    2020, Issue 2 X HH 2 datasets: Test data for tracking maneuvering surface targets collected using cooperative targets (small speedboats).
    2020, Issue 3 X HH 1 dataset: Radar target RCS calibration test data collected using a 0.25 m 2 stainless steel sphere as the target, either towed by a fishing boat or left floating.
    2021, Issue 1 X HH 5 datasets: Radar scanning test data under cloudy and rainy meteorological conditions without cooperative surface targets.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  Parameters of X-band experimental radars

    Radar specifications HH polarization VV polarization
    Operating band X X
    Operating frequency range (GHz) 9.3–9.5 9.3–9.5
    Range (n miles) 1/16–96 1/16–96
    Scanning bandwidth (MHz) 25 (T2, T3) 25 (T2, T3)
    Range resolution (m) 6 6
    Pulse repetition frequency (kHz) 1.6, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 1.6, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0
    Transmit waveform T1:Single frequency
    T2:LFM
    T3:LFM
    T1:Single frequency
    T2:LFM
    T3:LFM
    Pulse width (μs) T1:0.15
    T2:8
    T3:25
    T1:0.15
    T2:8
    T3:25
    Peak transmit power (W) 100 100
    Antenna rotation speed (rpm) 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 2, 6, 12, 24, 48
    Antenna length (m) 2.0 2.5
    Antenna operating modes Circular, Sector, Fixed Direction Circular, Sector, Fixed Direction
    Antenna polarization HH VV
    Antenna horizontal beamwidth (°) 1.2 1.1
    Antenna vertical beamwidth (°) 22 23
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  Summary of the datasets of sea target scattering characteristics

    No. Marine state level Number of datasets Radar antenna mode Operating range Transmit pulse mode Target type Meteorological and hydrological data Clutter grazing angle (°)
    1 Level 2 10 Staring 6 n miles T1+T2 Channel buoy Yes 0.68~1.09
    2 Level 3 54 Staring 6 n miles T1+T2 Channel buoy Yes 0.68~1.09
    3 Level 4 48 Staring 6 n miles T1+T2 Channel buoy Yes 0.68~1.09
    4 Level 5 30 Staring 6 n miles T1+T2 Channel buoy Yes 0.68~1.09
    Notes:① Meteorological and hydrological data for each day are stored in a .nc format file, providing information on wind speed, wind direction, wave height, wave direction, and wave period.
    ② Each dataset in staring mode contains 2 17 pulses.
    ③ The transmit pulse mode T1 + T2 corresponds to mode 2 in Fig. 2.
    ④ The radar’s vertical beamwidth remains constant, and the grazing angle range is calculated based on the radar’s installation height and the corresponding radial distance range of the data.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  Sample data of HH and VV polarized radars in levels 2–5 sea state

    Data name Pulse
    count
    PRF
    (kHz)
    T1
    sampling
    points
    T2
    sampling
    points
    T1, T2
    sampling start
    distance (km)
    Sampling
    interval (m)
    Target Wave
    height (m)
    Wave
    direction
    Marine
    state level
    20221115050027
    _stare_HH
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 0.4 West Level 2
    20221115050036
    _stare_VV
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 0.4 West Level 2
    20221114190046
    _stare_HH
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 0.7 West-northwest Level 3
    20221114190055
    _stare_VV
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 0.7 West-northwest Level 3
    20221113210051
    _stare_HH
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 1.3 North-northeast Level 4
    20221113210023
    _stare_VV
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoy 2 1.3 North-northeast Level 4
    20221113040027
    _stare_HH
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 2.6 North Level 5
    20221113040009
    _stare_VV
    2 17 2 950 1000 4.2525 2.5 Buoys 1, 2 2.6 North Level 5
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-03-06
  • 修回日期:  2023-04-19
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-04-24
  • 刊出日期:  2023-04-28

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