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摘要: 在电子信息系统对抗中，雷达、通信、侦察机和干扰机等多种电子设备通过简单的功能叠加式配备于作战平台已经难以应对敌方的综合性电子兵器，因此，多种电子设备的综合一体化是现代战争环境装备发展的必然趋势。其中，作为战场“千里眼”和“顺风耳”的雷达和通信设备无论在硬件结构还是在信号处理方法上都具有极强的相似性，两者的有机结合具有很强的实现性。因此，通感一体化(DFRC)系统受到了广泛的关注。其中，DFRC信号设计是DFRC系统研究的关键科学问题之一，通过电磁频谱共享方式，在空域、时域以及频域等多个维度上，同时实现雷达探测和信息通信两种功能。该文对以感知功能(雷达探测功能)为主功能的DFRC信号设计方法进行了深入、系统的综述。该文简要介绍了面向战场环境的DFRC系统的相关项目，进一步讨论了DFRC信号设计的研究进展。并在最后总结全文并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。Abstract: During the confrontation of electronic systems, it is challenging to deal with the enemy’s comprehensive electronic weapons by simply combining electronic equipment, such as radar, communication, surveillance, and jammers. Hence, to meet the requirements of a modern war environment, the comprehensive integration of various electronic equipment is an inevitable trend. Radar and communication equipment, which are viewed as forward eyes and ears, are very similar in hardware structure and signal processing methods. In this regard, the organic union of these two is plausible. As a result, the Dual-Function Radar and Communication (DFRC) system has received a lot of attention, where integrated waveform design is one of the key scientific issues. The DFRC waveform primarily refers to the transmit waveform that realizes radar detection and information communication functions simultaneously in multiple dimensions, such as space, time, and frequency domains, through electromagnetic spectrum sharing. This paper provides a fundamental review of the radar-centric DFRC waveform design. Initially, this paper presents a brief overview of the radar-centric DFRC system’s application scenarios. Then, the progress of radar-centric integrated waveform design research is discussed. Finally, some closing remarks and potential future research directions are provided.
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图 3 脉冲位置通信信息调制示意图(
${I_1}$ ：第1个询问脉冲，${I_2}$ ：第2个询问脉冲，${R_0}$ ：比特0的参考脉冲位置，${R_1}$ ：比特1的参考脉冲位置，${R_{\rm{start}}}$ ：开始标识脉冲，P：该位置上存在脉冲，—：该位置上没有脉冲)Figure 3. Diagram of pulse position for communication information embedding (
${I_1}$ : the first inquiry pulse,${I_2}$ : the second inquiry pulse,${R_0}$ : reference pulse position of bit 0,${R_1}$ : reference pulse position of bit 1,${R_{\rm{start}}}$ : start identifying pulse, P: existing pulse at present position, —: without pulse at present position)
图 5 PRI捷变通信信息调制示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of PRI agile for communication information modulation
图 9 空间信号频谱置零调制示意图
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of spectral nulling for modulation of signal on specific direction
表 1 SISO系统DFRC信号设计优缺点
Table 1. Summary of dual-function signal design methods in SISO system
信息调制方法 优点 缺点 PRI捷变[34-36] 1. 不影响信号自相关函数性能2. 通信误码率低 1. 影响雷达探测的最大不模糊距离2. 通信速率较低 基于LFM信号的PSK调制[37-40] 1. 保留了与LFM信号的相似性，从而具有较好的多普勒容忍度2. 通信误码率和PSK调制相当 1. 信号的自相关旁瓣较LFM信号升高，影响雷达探测性能2. 通信速率较低 频域置零调制[43]、模糊函数置零调制[44]、全盲水印调制[45](均采用优化理论信号设计) 1. 优化的探测性能函数多样，可以从不同的角度保证雷达探测性能2. 雷达性能和通信性能的权衡部分取决于优化参数设定，因而具有一定的可控可调整性 1. 通信速率较低2. 通信误码率取决于信息的调制和解调方式 
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表 2 MIMO系统一体化信号设计优缺点
Table 2. Summary of dual-function signal design methods in MIMO system
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