改进的L1/2阈值迭代高分辨率SAR成像算法

高志奇 孙书辰 黄平平 乞耀龙 徐伟

高志奇, 孙书辰, 黄平平, 等. 改进的L1/2阈值迭代高分辨率SAR成像算法[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(5): 1044–1055. doi: 10.12000/JR22243
引用本文: 高志奇, 孙书辰, 黄平平, 等. 改进的L1/2阈值迭代高分辨率SAR成像算法[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(5): 1044–1055. doi: 10.12000/JR22243
GAO Zhiqi, SUN Shuchen, HUANG Pingping, et al. Improved L1/2 threshold iterative high resolution SAR imaging algorithm[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(5): 1044–1055. doi: 10.12000/JR22243
Citation: GAO Zhiqi, SUN Shuchen, HUANG Pingping, et al. Improved L1/2 threshold iterative high resolution SAR imaging algorithm[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(5): 1044–1055. doi: 10.12000/JR22243

改进的L1/2阈值迭代高分辨率SAR成像算法

doi: 10.12000/JR22243
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61761037, 62071258),内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2021MS06005, 2020ZD18),内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(JY20220147)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    高志奇,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、SAR成像

    孙书辰,硕士生,主要研究方向为SAR成像算法

    黄平平,博士,教授,主要研究方向为新体制雷达系统、雷达信号处理和微波遥感应用

    乞耀龙,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为阵列成像、地基合成孔径雷达系统

    徐 伟,博士,教授,主要研究方向为新体制星载SAR系统仿真与信号处理

    通讯作者:

    黄平平 hpp@imut.edu.cn

  • 责任主编:张群 Corresponding Editor: ZHANG Qun
  • 中图分类号: TN957.5

Improved L1/2 Threshold Iterative High Resolution SAR Imaging Algorithm

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61761037, 62071258), The Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (2021MS06005, 2020ZD18), Basic Scientific Research Business Cost Project of Colleges Directly under the Inner Mongolia (JY20220147)
More Information
  • 摘要: 针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)在稀疏采样条件下方位向分辨率低、易受噪声干扰等问题,提出改进的高分辨率SAR成像算法。该文在现有的L1/2正则化理论及其阈值迭代算法的基础上,改进了其表达式中的梯度算子,提高重构图像的求解精度,降低计算量。然后,在全采样和欠采样条件下,将原有L1/2阈值迭代算法与所提改进L1/2阈值迭代算法,分别结合近似观测模型对SAR回波信号进行成像处理和性能对比。实验结果表明,改进的算法具有更加优越的收敛性能,并且对于SAR图像方位向分辨率有一定的改善。

     

  • 图  1  条带式SAR空间模型图

    Figure  1.  Strip SAR spatial model diagram

    图  2  点目标位置

    Figure  2.  Point target position

    图  3  Chirp-Scaling算法成像结果

    Figure  3.  Imaging results of Chirp-Scaling algorithm

    图  4  L1/2阈值迭代算法成像结果

    Figure  4.  Imaging results of L1/2 threshold iterative algorithm

    图  5  改进L1/2阈值迭代算法成像结果

    Figure  5.  Imaging results of improved L1/2 threshold iterative algorithm

    图  6  点目标剖面图

    Figure  6.  Cross section of point targets

    图  7  Chirp-Scaling算法成像结果

    Figure  7.  Imaging results of Chirp-Scaling algorithm

    图  8  L1/2阈值迭代算法成像结果

    Figure  8.  Imaging results of the L1/2 threshold iterative algorithm

    图  9  改进L1/2阈值迭代算法成像结果

    Figure  9.  Imaging results of the improved L1/2 threshold iterative algorithm

    图  10  不同信噪比下成像效果对比

    Figure  10.  Imaging results for different SNR

    图  11  不同算法的重建结果

    Figure  11.  Reconstruction results of different algorithms

    表  1  SAR成像仿真参数

    Table  1.   Simulation parameters of SAR imaging

    参数数值
    载频(GHz)5.3
    飞行速度(m/s)150
    脉冲宽度(μs)2.5
    距离向采样率(MHz)60
    方位向采样率(Hz)200
    平台离场景中心斜距(km)20
    斜视角(°)0
    距离向调频率(MHz/μs)20000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  3种算法中5个点目标成像分辨率分析(m)

    Table  2.   Imaging resolution analysis of five targets in three algorithms (m)

    算法点目标1点目标2点目标3点目标4点目标5
    Chirp-Scaling算法1.61041.62251.62351.62351.6235
    L1/2阈值迭代算法1.14251.11431.14251.14251.1425
    改进L1/2阈值迭代算法0.93890.93820.96230.96230.9623
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  3种算法中方位向数据缺失60%时5个点目标的分辨率(m)

    Table  3.   The resolution of five targets with 60% azimuth data missed for three algorithms (m)

    算法点目标1点目标2点目标3点目标4点目标5
    Chirp-Scaling算法1.66191.65221.64841.64841.6484
    L1/2阈值迭代算法1.14941.10051.14941.14941.1494
    改进L1/2阈值迭代算法1.07591.05021.05991.05991.0599
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  3种算法中方位向数据缺失70%时5个点目标的分辨率(m)

    Table  4.   The resolution of five targets with 70% azimuth data missed for three algorithms (m)

    算法点目标1点目标2点目标3点目标4点目标5
    Chirp-Scaling算法1.67191.78011.77681.77681.7768
    L1/2阈值迭代算法1.16041.20541.16041.16041.1604
    改进L1/2阈值迭代算法1.10491.06191.06271.06271.0627
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  不同模型的运算量分析

    Table  5.   Calculation amount analysis of different models

    性能分析匹配滤波精确观测模型近似观测模型
    空间复杂度O(MN)O(M2N2)O(MN)
    时间复杂度O(MNlog2MN)O(IM2N2)O(IMNlog2MN)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  不同采样率下两种算法重建点目标耗时时长(s)

    Table  6.   Time consuming of point target reconstruction by the two algorithms at different sampling rates (s)

    算法采样率100.0%采样率75.0%采样率50.0%采样率25.0%采样率12.5%
    L1/2阈值迭代算法98.56059274.14680949.48575125.46455413.557194
    改进L1/2阈值迭代算法53.30758740.52535426.61006913.7619237.354359
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  RADARSAT-1卫星SAR成像参数

    Table  7.   Parameters of RADARSAT-1 satellite SAR imaging

    参数数值
    载频(GHz)5.3
    飞行速度(m/s)7062
    脉冲宽度(μs)41.75
    距离向采样率(MHz)32317
    脉冲重复频率(Hz)125.7
    平台离场景中心斜距(km)988.65
    图像分辨率单元数(M×N)2048×3000
    距离向调频率(MHz/μs)5000
    成像场景大小(m)10000×12000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  3种算法实测数据成像耗时时长

    Table  8.   Time consuming of measured data imaging by the three algorithms

    算法重建耗时时长(s)
    Chirp-Scaling算法3.143686
    L1/2阈值迭代算法14.176919
    改进L1/2阈值迭代算法10.074317
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-28
  • 修回日期:  2023-02-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-02-22
  • 刊出日期:  2023-10-28

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