稀疏多极化阵列设计研究进展与展望

悦亚星 李天宇 周成伟 袁鑫 史治国

悦亚星, 李天宇, 周成伟, 等. 稀疏多极化阵列设计研究进展与展望[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(2): 312–331. doi: 10.12000/JR22206
引用本文: 悦亚星, 李天宇, 周成伟, 等. 稀疏多极化阵列设计研究进展与展望[J]. 雷达学报, 2023, 12(2): 312–331. doi: 10.12000/JR22206
YUE Yaxing, LI Tianyu, ZHOU Chengwei, et al. Research progress and prospect of sparse diversely polarized array design[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(2): 312–331. doi: 10.12000/JR22206
Citation: YUE Yaxing, LI Tianyu, ZHOU Chengwei, et al. Research progress and prospect of sparse diversely polarized array design[J]. Journal of Radars, 2023, 12(2): 312–331. doi: 10.12000/JR22206

稀疏多极化阵列设计研究进展与展望

doi: 10.12000/JR22206
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0126300),国家自然科学基金(61901413, U21A20456, 62271414),工业控制技术国家重点实验室自主课题(ICT2022A02),浙江大学教育基金会启真人才基金,杭州未来科技城5G开放实验平台
详细信息
    作者简介:

    悦亚星,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、MIMO体制雷达与无线通信

    李天宇,本科,主要研究方向为阵列信号处理

    周成伟,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、波达方向估计、波束成形

    袁 鑫,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为计算成像和机器学习

    史治国,博士,教授,主要研究方向为信号处理及定位应用、物联网

    通讯作者:

    史治国 shizg@zju.edu.cn

  • 责任主编:朱圣棋 Corresponding Editor: ZHU Shengqi
  • 中图分类号: TN951

Research Progress and Prospect of Sparse Diversely Polarized Array Design

Funds: The National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFE0126300), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61901413, U21A20456, 62271414), The Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology (ICT2022A02), Zhejiang University Education Foundation Qizhen Scholar Foundation, The 5G Open Laboratory of Hangzhou Future Sci-Tech City
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  • 摘要: 相较于稀疏标量阵列和均匀多极化阵列,稀疏多极化阵列由于其可感知信号的极化状态、避免极化失配以及增加阵列自由度、减小互耦效应与降低硬件成本等优点,对其进行系统性研究具有重要的应用价值和理论指导意义。稀疏多极化阵列的设计较之于稀疏标量阵列的设计更加多样化,因其不仅与天线阵元位置有关,还与天线阵元极化种类和阵元指向等因素有关。该文首先对近年来该领域内相关研究进行归纳总结,从非均匀稀疏、均匀稀疏、混合均匀与非均匀稀疏3种稀疏方式出发,介绍和探究了主流稀疏多极化阵列结构优化方式,然后从基于深度学习的稀疏多极化阵列优化设计、稀疏多极化多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达、稀疏极化频率分集阵(PFDA)雷达和稀疏PFDA-MIMO雷达、稀疏多极化智能超表面以及稀疏多极化阵列在家居智能通信和工业物联网等复杂室内场景下的应用等方面对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

     

  • 图  1  由6个NA偶极子阵元(轴向平行于y 轴)及10个偶极子ANA阵元(轴向平行于z 轴)组成的稀疏多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  1.  Sparse diversely polarized array composed of 6 NA dipoles (axial directions parallel to the y-axis) and 10 ANA dipoles (axial directions parallel to the z-axis)

    图  2  由两层嵌套EMVS阵列组成的稀疏多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  2.  Sparse diversely polarized array composed of two-layer nested EMVS subarrays

    图  3  由两层嵌套稀疏拉伸EMVS阵列组成的稀疏多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  3.  Sparse diversely polarized array composed of two-layer nested sparse stretched EMVS subarrays

    图  4  一种平行非共点稀疏COLD阵列结构示意图

    Figure  4.  Parallel non-collocated sparse COLD array

    图  5  由EMVS构成的矩形稀疏多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  5.  Rectangular sparse diversely polarized array constructed by EMVS

    图  6  由3种指向的偶极子组成的稀疏L型多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  6.  Sparse L-shaped diversely polarized array composed of dipoles with three directions

    图  7  拉伸L型稀疏多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  7.  Stretched L-shaped sparse diversely polarized array

    图  8  空域分置交叉偶极子稀疏矩形多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  8.  Sparse rectangular diversely polarized array composed of spatially distributed cross-dipoles

    图  9  轴向平移多线性稀疏多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  9.  Axial translation multilinear sparse diversely polarized array

    图  10  以非均匀稀疏阵为子阵均匀稀疏摆放的多极化阵列结构示意图

    Figure  10.  Diversely polarized array composed of uniformly distributed non-uniform sparse subarrays

    图  11  以均匀稀疏阵为子阵非均匀稀疏摆放的多极化阵列示意图

    Figure  11.  Diversely polarized array composed of non-uniformly distributed uniform sparse subarrays

    图  12  图11所对应的均匀配置多极化阵列示意图

    Figure  12.  Uniformly distributed diversely polarized array corresponding to Fig. 11

    图  13  从传统MIMO雷达到稀疏多极化MIMO雷达的发展脉络

    Figure  13.  Evolution from traditional MIMO radar to sparse diversely polarized MIMO radar

    图  14  稀疏多极化RIS示意图(一种多极化配置方式)

    Figure  14.  Sparse polarimetric RIS (one diversely polarized configuration)

    图  15  稀疏多极化RIS示意图(另一种多极化配置方式)

    Figure  15.  Sparse polarimetric RIS (another diversely polarized configuration)

    表  1  稀疏多极化阵列设计研究的技术背景、理论基础、设计方法种类和设置及约束方式

    Table  1.   Technical background, theoretical basis, categorization of the configuration design, and setting/constraint approaches for sparse diversely polarized array

    技术背景理论基础设计种类设置及约束方式
    1 均匀阵列阵元间互耦效应强2 均匀阵列自由度小3 均匀阵列硬件成本高4 标量稀疏阵列无法感知信号极化信息1 互质阵和嵌套阵等稀疏阵列设计准则2 多极化阵列的矢量叉积性质1 非均匀稀疏多极化阵列设计2 均匀稀疏多极化阵列设计3 混合均匀与非均匀稀疏多极化阵列设计1 以互质阵和嵌套阵等稀疏阵为基本稀布约束方式,由不同极化方式的天线联合构建2 等距地稀布不同极化方式的天线3 融合上述两种设置方式分别约束阵列的均匀部分与非均匀部分
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  标量与多极化MIMO雷达优缺点总结

    Table  2.   Summary of advantages and disadvantages of scalar and diversely polarized MIMO radars

    MIMO雷达类型主要优势主要缺点
    标量均匀[54-62]生成虚拟阵列,增加阵列孔径和自由度[76]1 阵元间互耦效应降低估计精度;2 系统成本较高1 极化失配
    造成估计
    精度损失;2 无法感知
    信号极化
    信息
    稀疏[63,69]最小冗
    [63,64]
    1 进一步提升阵列孔径和自由度;2 减小阵元间互耦效应,提高角
    度估计精度;3 降低系统成本
    1 阵元位置求解较复杂;2 缺少阵列孔径的一般表达式
    嵌套[65,66]存在间距较密阵元导致的互耦效应
    互质[67,68]差合阵存在孔洞
    多极化均匀[20,70-72]减小极化失配,
    提升角度估计
    精度,增强极
    化信息处理
    能力
    生成虚拟阵列,增加阵列
    孔径和自由度
    1 阵元间互耦效应降低估计精度;2 系统成本较高
    稀疏[73-75]1 进一步提升阵列孔径和自由度;2 减小阵元间互耦效应,提高角
    度估计精度;3 降低系统成本
    阵列的多极化合理配置仍是一大难点
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  FDA雷达、FDA-MIMO雷达和PFDA-MIMO雷达优点总结

    Table  3.   Summary of potential advantages of FDA radar, FDA-MIMO radar and PFDA-MIMO radar

    类型优势
    FDA雷达[77-81]可获得时间、距离、角度相关的方向图
    FDA-MIMO雷达均匀FDA-MIMO雷达[85-89]1 可以区分距离模糊的目标信号;2 具有抗主瓣干扰能力
    稀疏FDA-MIMO雷达[98,99]1 具有更高阵列自由度和阵列孔径;2 减小阵元间互耦效应带来的精度损失;3 降低系统成本;4 克服FDA-MIMO雷达的空间和距离分辨率受阵列几何形状和频率偏移的限制;5 抗干扰个数增加,抗干扰能力增强
    PFDA-MIMO雷达[100,101]减少极化失配带来的精度损失,进一步提升角度分辨精度,增加极化信息感知能力
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-10-14
  • 修回日期:  2022-12-01
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