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摘要: 随着电磁频谱成为现代战争的关键作战域之一，在未来军事作战中，现代雷达将面临日益复杂、灵巧和智能的电磁干扰环境。认知智能雷达具备环境主动感知、任意发射和接收设计、智能处理和资源调度等能力，可适应复杂多变的战场电磁对抗环境，是雷达技术领域重点发展的方向之一。该文将认知智能雷达从结构上分解为认知发射、认知接收、智能处理以及智能控制等4大功能模块，梳理出干扰感知、发射设计、接收设计、信号处理和资源调度等认知智能雷达每个环节的抗干扰原理，并对近几年代表性文献进行归纳总结，分析了该领域技术发展趋势，旨在为以后的技术研究提供必要的参考和依据。Abstract: As the electromagnetic spectrum becomes a key operational domain in modern warfare, radars will face a more complex, dexterous, and smarter electromagnetic interference environment in future military operations. Cognitive Intelligent Radar (CIR) has become one of the key development directions in the field of radar technology because it has the capabilities of active environmental perception, arbitrary transmit and receive design, intelligent signal processing, and resource scheduling, therefore, can adapt to the complex and changeable battlefield electromagnetic confrontation environment. In this study, the CIR is decomposed into four functional modules: cognitive transmitting, cognitive receiving, intelligent signal processing, and intelligent resource scheduling. Then, the antijamming principle of each link (i.e., interference perception, transmit design, receive design, signal processing, and resource scheduling) of CIR is elucidated. Finally, we summarize the representative literature in recent years and analyze the technological development trend in this field to provide the necessary reference and basis for future technological research.
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图 2 脉间初始相位优化波形抗干扰结果
Figure 2. Anti-jamming results of initial phase optimized waveform between pulses
图 3 脉间相位捷变优化波形抗干扰结果
Figure 3. Anti-jamming results of the optimized waveform with interpulse phase agility
图 5 多目标多距离欺骗干扰抗干扰结果
Figure 5. Anti-multi-distance spoofing jamming results in multi-target scenarios
图 6 密集复制假目标干扰下单目标探测结果
Figure 6. Anti-dense replication false target jamming results in single target scenario
图 12 雷达对抗效能常用指标
Figure 12. Commonly used effectiveness indexes for radar countermeasure
表 1 基于试验、仿真和解析计算的效能评估方法对比
Table 1. Performance evaluation methods based on experiment, simulation, and analytical computation
评估方法 实现方式 优点 缺点 试验法 外场试验 实时性好，数据可靠，结果可信 成本高，灵活性差 仿真法 计算机实时仿真 成本低，适应性好，可近似得到外场试验效果 数据可靠性和结果可信度次于试验法 解析计算法 通过数学分析指标之间的关系，建立评估模型，
借助试验和仿真手段，进行量化评估可理论上探讨可能的对抗效能，受资金、设备和技术的制约小 实时性差 
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