基于频率分集阵列的多功能一体化波形设计与信号处理方法

兰岚; 廖桂生; 许京伟; 朱圣棋; 曾操; 张玉洪

doi:10.12000/JR22163

基于频率分集阵列的多功能一体化波形设计与信号处理方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR22163

1.
西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理国家级重点实验室西安 710071
2.
西安电子科技大学电子工程学院西安 710071

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62101402, 61931016, 62071344)，中国博士后科学基金(2021TQ0261, 2021M702547)，中国科协青年人才托举工程(2021QNRC001)，陕西省创新能力支持计划(2022TD-38)，声纳技术重点实验室基金(6142109KF212202)

详细信息

作者简介:
兰　岚，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为新体制雷达抗干扰、波形分集阵列雷达信号处理、目标检测与参数估计

廖桂生，博士，教授，主要研究方向为雷达系统技术与阵列处理、雷达稀疏成像处理等

许京伟，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为雷达系统建模、阵列信号处理、波形分集雷达(频率分集阵列和空时编码阵列)等

朱圣棋，博士，教授，主要研究方向为雷达运动目标检测、频率分集阵列、波形分集阵列雷达信号处理

曾　操，博士，教授，主要研究方向为新体制阵列信号处理、雷达运动目标检测

张玉洪，博士，教授，主要研究方向为阵列信号处理、微波遥感与成像、信号建模与仿真、波形分集技术等

通讯作者:
廖桂生 liaogs@xidian.edu.cn

责任主编：胡卫东 Corresponding Editor: HU Weidong
1¹值得注意的是，为了与相控阵形成对比，也有文献称FDA为频控阵^[3,5]，而本文统一使用“频率分集阵”。²广义上，发射阵元之间除了改变载频，引入波形、时延、相位调制也可得到依赖于距离和时间的方向图，即波形分集阵列^[8]。
中图分类号: TN957
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-02
- 修回日期: 2022-10-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-14
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-28

Waveform Design and Signal Processing Method of a Multifunctional Integrated System Based on a Frequency Diverse Array（in English）

1.
National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62101402, 61931016, 62071344), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021TQ0261, 2021M702547), Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2021QNRC001), The Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province (2022TD-38), Science and Technology on Sonar Laboratory (6142109KF212202)

More Information

Corresponding author: LIAO Guisheng, liaogs@xidian.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 频率分集阵(FDA)是在相控阵基础上的一次体制革新，其通过在发射天线阵元间进行频率步进，得到的发射方向图是角度、距离、时间的多维函数，显著提升了波束控制能力与信号处理维度，经过收发联合处理后，可应用于多维参数联合估计、主瓣欺骗式干扰抑制、模糊杂波抑制、高分宽幅成像等方面。该文从系统层面出发，研究基于FDA的多功能一体化波形设计与信号处理方法，重点对其在检测与估计一体化、解模糊与抗干扰一体化、合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像与动目标检测一体化的信号处理新方法进行综述、评述及研究，并对FDA多功能一体化系统的应用前景进行展望。
- 频率分集阵雷达 /
- 波形设计与信号处理 /
- 多维发射方向图 /
- 检测与估计一体化 /
- 解模糊与抗干扰一体化 /
- SAR成像与动目标检测一体化
Abstract: A Frequency Diverse Array (FDA), developed innovatively based on phased array radar, can obtain an angle-range-time-dependent multidimensional transmit beampattern by modulating frequencies across different transmit antenna elements, which considerably increases the beam control ability and signal processing dimension. After joint transmit-receive processing, an FDA can be applied to various areas, such as multidimensional parameter joint estimation, mainlobe deceptive jammer suppression, ambiguous clutter suppression, and high-resolution and wide-swath imaging. This study investigates the waveform design and signal processing method of a multifunctional integrated system based on an FDA from the system level, with emphasis on new signal processing methods for integrated detection and estimation, integrated ambiguity resolution and jammer suppression, as well as integrated Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging and moving target detection. Moreover, the application prospects of FDA multifunctional integrated systems are provided.

HTML全文

图 1 FDA发展动态时间线

Figure 1. The dynamic timeline of FDA development

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图 2 FDA-MIMO雷达不同应用的关联

Figure 2. Relationships among different FDA-MIMO radar applications

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图 3 FDA多维模糊函数

Figure 3. Multi-dimensional ambiguity function of FDA

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图 4 相干FDA发射方向图空域覆盖性分析

Figure 4. Analysis on the spatial coverage of the transmit beampattern for coherent FDA

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图 5 相干FDA接收机基本结构

Figure 5. Basic structures of coherent FDA receiver

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图 6 FDA-MIMO雷达接收匹配滤波处理流程

Figure 6. Processing procedurse of receive matched filtering in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 7 FDA-MIMO雷达检测与估计一体化结果

Figure 7. Integrated detection and estimation results in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 8 FDA-MIMO雷达解距离模糊示意图

Figure 8. Principle of resolving the range ambiguity in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 9 假目标产生示意图

Figure 9. Generation of false targets

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图 10 基于波束形成的FDA-MIMO雷达抗主瓣欺骗式干扰方法

Figure 10. Mainlobe deceptive jammer suppression with beamforming in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 11 FDA-MIMO雷达基于稳健波束形成抗干扰方法输出SINR结果

Figure 11. Output SINR with robust beamforming for jammer suppression in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 12 频率分集系统抗干扰验证

Figure 12. Verification of jammer suppression with FDA system

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图 13 基于FDA-MIMO STAP雷达的一体化杂波与干扰抑制

Figure 13. Integrated clutter and jammer suppression in FDA-MIMO STAP radar

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图 14 频分正交LFM信号模型

Figure 14. Signal model of orthogonal frequency diverse LFM signal

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图 15 FDA-MIMO空时频局域化处理示意图

Figure 15. Diagram of space-time-frequency localized processing with FDA-MIMO

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图 16 FDA-MIMO降维处理器结果

Figure 16. Results on dimension reduction processor in FDA-MIMO

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图 17 基于多子带FDA的高分宽幅SAR成像处理流程

Figure 17. Procedure of HRWS SAR imaging based on multiple sub-band FDA

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图 18 子带FDA-HRWS成像结果

Figure 18. Imaging results of sub-band FDA-HRWS

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图 1 The dynamic timeline of FDA development

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图 2 Relationships among different FDA-MIMO radar applications

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图 3 Multi-dimensional ambiguity function of FDA

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图 4 Analysis on the spatial coverage of the transmit beampattern for coherent FDA

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图 5 Basic structures of coherent FDA receiver

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图 6 Processing procedurse of receive matched filtering in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 7 Integrated detection and estimation results in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 8 Principle of resolving the range ambiguity in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 9 Generation of false targets

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图 10 Mainlobe deceptive jammer suppression with beamforming in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 11 Output SINR with robust beamforming for jammer suppression in FDA-MIMO radar

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图 12 Verification of jammer suppression with FDA system

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图 13 Integrated clutter and jammer suppression in FDA-MIMO STAP radar

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图 14 Signal model of orthogonal frequency diverse LFM signal

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图 15 Diagram of space-time-frequency localized processing with FDA-MIMO

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图 16 Results on dimension reduction processor in FDA-MIMO

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图 17 Procedure of HRWS SAR imaging based on multiple sub-band FDA

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图 18 Imaging results of sub-band FDA-HRWS

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表 1 多功能FDA-MIMO优势及信号处理方法

Table 1. Advantages and signal processing methods of multifunctional FDA-MIMO

雷达功能任务	面临问题	FDA优势	具体方法
参数估计	中高重频带来的距离模糊问题严重	实现距离和角度的同步估计；能够估计距离模糊数	子空间(MUSIC, ESPRIT)方法、最大似然类方法、单脉冲法
杂波抑制		区分不同距离模糊区间对应的回波	二次距离补偿、STAP、空时距离三维自适应处理
高分宽幅成像		区分不同距离模糊区间对应的回波	距离相关补偿、发射通道与慢时间编码
目标检测	小样本、未知非均匀环境	提升未知非均匀环境下的检测性能	基于GLRT的自适应检测器设计
抗干扰	主瓣欺骗式干扰难以抑制	在联合收发二维平面对干扰进行置零	自适应波束形成、空间投影类、基于方向图设计抗干扰

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表 1 Advantages and signal processing methods of multifunctional FDA-MIMO

Functions of radars	Problems	Advantages of FDA	Methods
Parameter estimation	Range ambiguity reduced by high pulse repetition frequency	Estimating joint range, angle, and range ambiguity number	Subspace-based methods (MUSIC and ESPRIT), ML, monopulse-based methods
Clutter suppression		Discriminating echoes corresponding to different range ambiguity regions	Secondary range compensation, STAP, space-time-range adaptive processing
HRWS-SAR imaging		Discriminating echoes corresponding to different range ambiguity regions	Range compensation, transmit channel and slow-time processing
Target detection	Insufficient samples, nonhomogeneous environment	Improving the detection performance in a nonhomogeneous environment	Design of adaptive detectors based on GLRT
Jammer suppression	Mainlobe deceptive jammers	Nulling the jammers in the joint transmit-receive spatial	Data-dependent beamforming, space projection, beampattern synthesis-based methods

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