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摘要: 由于频控阵雷达具有距离依赖性和时变性的阵列因子，能够克服传统相控阵雷达阵列因子缺失距离变量和多输入-多输出雷达发射阵列增益损失的缺点，但是，频控阵雷达在系统理论、信号处理和应用实现等方面仍存在诸多待解决的研究问题。该文分析了频控阵雷达技术的概念、内涵与外延，梳理了近五年来国内外关于频控阵雷达技术及其应用方面的最新研究进展，论述了频控阵雷达干扰与抗主瓣干扰、模糊杂波抑制与盲速目标检测以及定位欺骗方面的应用优势，并讨论了频控阵雷达技术的未来融合化发展趋势。Abstract: Due to the range dependence and time-varying array factor of Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) radar, it can overcome the miss of range variable in traditional phased-array factor and gain loss of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar array. In recent years, FDA radar techniques have attracted more and more attention of researches and institutions. Nevertheless, there are still many open problems to be solved in FDA radar system theory, signal processing and application implementation. In this overviewing paper, we introduced the FDA concepts, motivation and extending techniques. The latest research advances on FDA radars and their applications are comprehensively reviewed, and the typical application prospects of FDA in jamming radar and radar anti-jamming, ambiguous clutter suppression and blind velocity target detection together with localization deception are discussed. Finally, several key research problems that need to be solved in future work are pointed out.
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图 1 普适性多功能一体化阵列雷达示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of general multi-function integrated array radar
图 2 频控阵雷达发射波束的脉内与脉间自动扫描特性
Figure 2. Intrapulse and interpulse automatic scanning characteristics of transmitted beam of FDA radar
图 3 频控阵雷达发射波束的方位维阵列积分增益，其中
${B_{\text{s}}}$ 为基地信号带宽Figure 3. Integral array gain of FDA transmitter in azimuth, where
${B_{\text{s}}}$ is the baseband bandwidth
图 4 频控阵雷达的发射-接收空间频率分布示意图
Figure 4. Illustration of FDA radar transmit-receive spatial frequency distribution
图 5 频控阵雷达外场试验数据干扰抑制前信号功率谱
Figure 5. Power spectra of FDA radar real data before interference suppression
图 6 基于实测数据处理的频控阵雷达主瓣干扰抑制结果
Figure 6. FDA radar mainlobe interference suppression results of FDA radar in real experimental data
图 7 频控阵慢时间间歇采样干扰信号的产生流程图
Figure 7. Flowchart of FDA-based intermittent sampling jamming in slow-time dimension
图 8 相控阵干扰机与频控阵干扰机对逆合成孔径雷达成像的干扰效果比较
Figure 8. Comparison of jamming effects of PA jammer and FDA jammer on ISAR imaging
图 9 作者团队的频控阵干扰机试验现场及其干扰实测结果
Figure 9. FDA radar jamming experiments and measurement results carried out by the author’s team
图 10 频控阵雷达模糊杂波抑制的改善因子比较
Figure 10. Comparison of improvement factors for FDA radar ambiguous clutter suppression
图 11 频控阵雷达与相控阵雷达的SIR损失比较
Figure 11. Comparison of SIR loss between FDA radar and PA radar
图 13 频控阵雷达主瓣杂波抑制和盲速目标检测性能比较
Figure 13. Performance comparison between mainlobe clutter suppression and blind target detection in FDA radar
图 14 频控阵雷达发射波束指向角与频偏有关联
Figure 14. FDA transmitting beam direction angle has relation with the frequency offset
图 15 对相控阵和频控阵辐射源干涉测向时的干涉相位比较
Figure 15. Interferometric phase comparison of PA and FDA in passive direction finding
图 16 相控阵和频控阵辐射源的GDOP结果对比
Figure 16. Comparison of GDOP results between PA and FDA radiators
图 17 作者团队研制的频控阵雷达样机及外场试验现场与测试图
Figure 17. FDA radar prototype developed by the author’s team and outfield experiments
图 18 西安电子科技大学研制的频控阵雷达原理样机实物图
Figure 18. FDA radar prototype developed by Xidian University
图 19 面向主瓣/副瓣干扰抑制的频控阵和相控阵雷达协同工作模式
Figure 19. Cooperative operation mode between FDA and PA radar for mainlobe and sidelobe interference suppression
表 1 频控阵雷达与几种相似雷达技术比较
Table 1. Comparison between FDA radar and several similar radar technologies
雷达类型 基带波形 发射信号 阵列增益 发射阵列方向图 距离依赖性 方位角依赖性 频控阵雷达 相同波形 相干 有 有 有 FDA-MIMO雷达 正交波形 非相干 无 有 有 相控阵雷达 相同波形 相干 有 无 有 OFDM雷达 正交子载波 非相干 无 无 无 MIMO雷达 正交波形 非相干 无 无 有 步进频雷达 频谱不重叠 非相干 无 无 无 
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