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SAR Elevation Control Point Extraction Combining Multistrategy ATLAS Data Preference and Image Matching
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摘要: 为了精化星载SAR影像几何参数并提高立体定位精度，借鉴星载激光测高数据光学遥感影像高程控制点提取思路，设计了一种多策略高级地形激光测高系统(ATLAS)数据优选与影像匹配相结合的SAR高程控制点提取方法。该方法采用非夜间观测光子滤除、高置信度光子选取、SRTM DEM辅助的粗差剔除、大偏心率椭圆滤波核平坦区域光子筛选等多种策略，从ATLAS数据ATL03级产品中提取高质量、平坦区域的激光高程点，再依据SRTM DEM对斜距SAR影像进行地理编码，按激光高程点的平面坐标选取局部谷歌地球影像作为足印影像，采用秩自相似描述子进行足印影像与SAR地理编码影像的匹配，得到与激光高程点对应的SAR影像像点坐标，从而提取SAR高程控制点。采用中国登封市、日本横须贺市两个区域的ATLAS数据进行了高分三号SAR高程控制点提取实验，利用提取的高程控制点进行SAR影像几何参数精化，大幅提升了立体定位精度，验证了该文高程控制点提取方法的可行性和有效性。
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关键词:
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 高分三号 /
- 冰、云和陆地高程卫星-2 /
- 有理函数模型 /
- 定位
Abstract: To refine the geometric parameters of satellite-based SAR images and improve the stereo positioning accuracy, a method of SAR elevation control point extraction combining multistrategy ATLAS data preference and image matching has been developed. This method is based on the concept of optical remote sensing image elevation control point extraction from satellite-based laser altimetry data. The method employs various strategies, such as non-night observation photon filtering, high confidence photon selection, SRTM DEM-assisted coarse difference rejection, and large eccentricity elliptical filtering kernel flat area photon screening. To extract laser elevation points with high quality and flat area from ATLAS data for ATL03 level products. Then the geocoding of the slant range SAR images is performed using the SRTM DEM. The local Google Earth images are selected as the footprint images according to the plane coordinates of the laser elevation points. The rank self-similarity descriptor is used to match the footprint images with the SAR geocoded images. The coordinates of the SAR images corresponding to the laser elevation points are obtained. Thus, SAR elevation control points are extracted. The extraction of GF-3 SAR elevation control points was performed using ATLAS data from two regions: Dengfeng, China, and Yokosuka, Japan. The geometric parameter refinement of SAR images using extracted elevation control points significantly improved the accuracy of stereo positioning and verified that the method for extracting elevation control points described in this paper is feasible and effective. -
图 1 多策略ATLAS数据优选与影像匹配相结合的SAR高程控制点提取流程
Figure 1. Process of SAR elevation control point extraction combining multistrategy ATLAS data preference and image matching
图 3 物像不一致造成的高程差示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of height difference caused by difference between object and image
图 5 平坦区域光子提取结果示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of laser points extraction result in flat area
图 6 GE影像与SAR地理编码影像匹配示意图
Figure 6. Schematic diagram of matching between GE image and SAR geocoding image
表 1 算法使用到的ATL03参数
Table 1. ATL03 parameters used by the algorithm
参数 含义 本文符号 lat_ph 每个接收光子纬度(WGS84) B lon_ph 每个接收光子经度(WGS84) L h_ph 每个接收光子高程(WGS84椭球高) H signal_conf_ph 每个接收光子置信度 C data_start_utc 数据开始时间 ${t_0}$ dist_ph_along 每个接收光子在该组中的沿轨距离 ${l_i}$ segment_length 每组沿轨距离(19.8～20.2 m) ${L_i}$ segment_ph_cnt 每组内光子数 ${w_i}$ 
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表 2 SAR影像数据基本参数
Table 2. Basic parameters of SAR image data
区域 序号 成像日期 轨道类型 入射角 尺寸(像素) 中心经纬度 区域1 影像1 20191021 升轨 23.31°～24.58° 32966$ \times $12576 (113.114°E, 34.514°N) 影像2 20191206 降轨 42.52°～43.18° 30944$ \times $15648 (113.120°E, 34.512°N) 影像3 20190829 降轨 46.24°～46.82° 28224$ \times $16056 (113.130°E, 34.511°N) 区域2 影像4 20190116 升轨 38.65°～39.38° 30558$ \times $14624 (139.645°E, 35.290°N) 影像5 20190116 降轨 25.16°～26.32° 31920$ \times $12576 (139.645°E, 35.296°N) 影像6 20190121 降轨 35.46°～36.25° 30638$ \times $13600 (139.642°E, 35.296°N)
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表 3 不同筛选条件下光子数量
Table 3. The number of photons under different screening conditions
数据类型 区域1 区域2 光子数量(个) 数据剔除率(%) 光子数量(个) 数据剔除率(%) 原始数据 7 221 634 0 5 651 808 0 夜间观测数据 208 935 97.11 309 832 94.52 高置信度数据 171 242 18.04 276 938 10.62 粗差剔除数据 157 635 7.95 276 890 0.02 平坦区域数据 6 609 95.81 25 641 90.74
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表 4 区域1 SAR高程控制点高程信息
Table 4. Elevation information of SAR elevation control points in area 1
序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 1 457.09 11 402.28 21 426.60 31 359.66 41 368.92 2 430.53 12 397.58 22 373.99 32 355.80 42 375.77 3 435.54 13 404.51 23 351.45 33 352.67 43 377.07 4 435.32 14 403.89 24 348.68 34 343.63 44 373.36 5 435.43 15 385.88 25 333.22 35 336.50 45 372.15 6 435.10 16 384.23 26 412.32 36 336.41 46 371.26 7 439.42 17 382.38 27 390.60 37 322.30 47 370.16 8 408.47 18 407.05 28 389.62 38 334.37 48 368.57 9 406.28 19 403.99 29 363.33 39 334.76 10 404.04 20 407.59 30 360.98 40 351.15
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表 5 区域2 SAR高程控制点高程信息
Table 5. Elevation information of SAR elevation control points in area 2
序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 序号 高程(m) 1 95.58 8 95.69 15 39.42 22 40.07 29 39.47 2 38.71 9 204.95 16 39.32 23 40.05 30 69.25 3 107.14 10 205.64 17 40.42 24 39.73 31 104.99 4 107.19 11 71.39 18 39.08 25 39.95 32 71.12 5 107.19 12 71.53 19 40.33 26 38.90 33 71.23 6 57.84 13 222.95 20 40.44 27 78.16 34 60.62 7 83.25 14 38.98 21 39.63 28 39.44 35 60.64
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表 6 检查点信息
Table 6. Information of checkpoints
序号 经度(°) 纬度(°) 高程(m) 1 *.**3996 *.**7348 459.38 2 *.**0267 *.**2819 487.50 3 *.**6372 *.**4978 438.96 4 *.**2031 *.**1293 399.94 5 *.**9026 *.**1702 384.47 6 *.**7216 *.**9004 405.98 7 *.**4967 *.**1815 430.68 8 *.**3398 *.**2909 374.35 9 *.**8198 *.**0609 323.37 10 *.**9957 *.**5764 383.76 11 *.**2113 *.**4711 343.14
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表 7 定位结果
Table 7. Results of positioning
定位
方法SAR高程控制
点数(个)检查
点数(个)平面中
误差(m)高程中
误差(m)方法1 0 11 10.42 30.42 方法2 10 11 7.35 3.77 方法3 48 11 7.34 3.69
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