基于散射信息和元学习的SAR图像飞机目标识别

吕艺璇; 王智睿; 王佩瑾; 李盛阳; 谭洪; 陈凯强; 赵良瑾; 孙显

doi:10.12000/JR22044

基于散射信息和元学习的SAR图像飞机目标识别

DOI: 10.12000/JR22044

吕艺璇^{1, 2, 3},
王智睿^{1, 4},
王佩瑾^{1, 4},
李盛阳^{2, 5, 6},
谭洪^{2, 5, 6},
陈凯强^{1, 4},
赵良瑾^{1, 4},
孙显^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,}

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100094
2.
中国科学院大学北京 100049
3.
中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院北京 100049
4.
中国科学院网络信息体系技术科技创新重点实验室北京 100190
5.
中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心北京 100094
6.
中国科学院太空应用重点实验室北京 100094

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61725105, 62076241)

详细信息

作者简介:
吕艺璇(1997–)，女，中国科学院大学信息与通信工程专业硕士研究生，2019年获得西安电子科技大学学士学位，主要研究方向为计算机视觉与SAR图像智能解译，小样本SAR图像识别等

王智睿(1990–)，男，2018年获得清华大学博士学位，现为中国科学院空天信息创新研究院助理研究员，主要研究方向为SAR图像智能解译

王佩瑾(1996–)，女，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究实习员，主要研究方向为遥感图像智能解译技术

孙　显(1981–)，男，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员，博士生导师，IEEE高级会员，《雷达学报》青年编委，主要研究方向为计算机视觉与遥感图像理解

通讯作者:
孙显 sunxian@mail.ie.ac.cn

责任主编：徐丰 Corresponding Editor: XU Feng
中图分类号: TP753
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-11
- 修回日期: 2022-04-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-04-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-28

Scattering Information and Meta-learning Based SAR Images Interpretation for Aircraft Target Recognition

LYU Yixuan^{1, 2, 3},
WANG Zhirui^{1, 4},
WANG Peijin^{1, 4},
LI Shengyang^{2, 5, 6},
TAN Hong^{2, 5, 6},
CHEN Kaiqiang^{1, 4},
ZHAO Liangjin^{1, 4},
SUN Xian^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Network Information System Technology (NIST), Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
5.
Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
6.
Key Laboratory of Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61725105, 62076241)

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Xian, sunxian@mail.ie.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: SAR图像由于数据获取难度大，样本标注难，目标覆盖率不足，导致包含地理空间目标的影像数量稀少。为了解决这些问题，该文开展了基于散射信息和元学习的SAR图像飞机目标识别方法研究。针对SAR图像中不同型号飞机空间结构离散分布差异较大的情况，设计散射关联分类器，对飞机目标的离散程度量化建模，通过不同目标离散分布的差异来动态调整样本对的权重，指导网络学习更具有区分性的类间特征表示。考虑到SAR目标成像易受背景噪声的影响，设计了自适应特征细化模块，促使网络更加关注飞机的关键部件区域，减少背景噪声干扰。该文方法有效地将目标散射分布特性与网络的自动学习过程相结合。实验结果表明，在5-way 1-shot的极少样本新类别识别任务上，该方法识别精度为59.90%，相比于基础方法提升了3.85%。减少一半训练数据量后，该方法在新类别的极少样本识别任务上仍然表现优异。
- 合成孔径雷达(SAR) /
- 飞机目标识别 /
- 元学习 /
- 散射信息
Abstract: The sample scarcity issue is still challenged for SAR images interpretation. The number of geospatial targets related images is constrained of the SAR images interpretation ability of data acquisition, sample labeling, and the lack of target coverage. Our SAR-ATR method is demonstrated based on scattering information and meta-learning. First, the discrete distribution of the spatial structure of different types of aircraft is quite different in SAR images. An associated scattering classifier is designed to guide the network to learn more discriminative intra-class and inter-class feature descriptions. Our proposed classifier facilitates the modeling of discrete degree of the aircraft target quantitatively and balance the weights of sample pairs dynamically through the differentiated analysis of different target discrete distributions. In addition, an adaptive feature refinement module is designed to optimize the network cohesion for the key parts of the aircraft and reduce the interference of background noise. The proposed method integrates the target scattering distribution properties to the network learning process. On 5-way 1-shot emerging categorized recognition task involved only few samples, our experimental results demonstrate that the recognition accuracy of this method is 59.90%, which is 3.85% higher than the benchmark. After reducing the amount of training data by half, the proposed method is still competitive on the new category of few-shot recognition tasks.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Aircraft target recognition /
- Meta-learning /
- Scattering information

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图 1 5-way 1-shot设置

Figure 1. The 5-way 1-shot setup

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图 2 不同机型的散射点提取结果

Figure 2. Scattering point extraction results of different models

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图 3 不同机型不同聚类点数下的散射点提取结果

Figure 3. Scattering point extraction results for different models and different clustering points

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图 4 不同朝向的同型号飞机对应的离散因子

Figure 4. Discrete factors corresponding to the same type of aircraft with different orientations

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图 5 本文方法的整体结构

Figure 5. The overall structure of the method in this paper

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图 6 散射关联分类器的网络结构

Figure 6. Network structure of scattering association classifier

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图 7 注意力嵌入模块网络结构

Figure 7. The attention embedding module network structure

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图 8 SAR-ACD中的民用飞机及其对应的光学图像

Figure 8. Civil aircraft in SAR-ACD and their corresponding optical images

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图 9 各型号民用飞机的原始数量

Figure 9. The original quantity of each type of civil aircraft

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图 10 不同方法对应的卷积层输出特征图可视化

Figure 10. Visualization of corresponding layer feature map of different methods

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图 11 不同训练数据占比时的测试准确率

Figure 11. Test accuracy with different proportions of training data

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图 12 预训练阶段基本原理和流程展示

Figure 12. The basic principle and process display of the pre-training stage

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图 13 5-way 1-shot条件下在元测试数据集上不同模块的混淆矩阵

Figure 13. Confusion matrix on meta-test dataset on the 5-way 1-shot condition

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图 14 5-way 1-shot条件下不同方法模块的训练损失变化曲线

Figure 14. The loss curve with different modules during training on the 5-way 1-shot condition

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图 15 大场景复杂机场下的识别性能测试

Figure 15. Recognition performance test under large scene and complex airport

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表 1 实验中训练和测试期间数据设置

Table 1. Data setup during training and testing

设置	5-way 5-shot		5-way 1-shot
设置	支持集	查询集	支持集	查询集
元训练	5	15	1	15
元测试	5	15	1	15

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表 2 自适应特征细化模块和散射关联分类器的消融实验

Table 2. Ablation study on adaptive feature refinement module and scattering association module

散射关联分类器	自适应特征细化模块	5-way 1-shot (%)	5-way 5-shot (%)
×	×	56.05 ± 0.8	66.71 ± 0.7
×	√	57.57 ± 0.9	67.80 ± 0.7
√	×	58.31 ± 0.9	68.20 ± 0.7
√	√	58.43 ± 0.8	68.52 ± 0.7

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表 3 结合预训练过程的消融实验

Table 3. Ablation study combined with the pre-training process

散射关联分类器	自适应特征细化模块	5-way 1-shot (%)	5-way 5-shot (%)
×	×	57.33 ± 0.9	67.60 ± 0.7
×	√	58.86 ± 0.8	68.72 ± 0.7
√	×	59.60 ± 0.9	68.85 ± 0.7
√	√	59.90 ± 0.9	70.13 ± 0.7

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表 4 本文方法和其他方法的识别精度对比

Table 4. Comparison of recognition accuracy between our method and other methods

模型	5-way 1-shot 准确率(%)	5-way 5-shot 准确率(%)
KNN	22.50	36.30
MAML^[32]	52.20	67.50
MatchingNet^[33]	54.54	58.90
PrototypicalNet^[34]	53.18	68.66
MSAR^[26]	56.57	65.15
ResNet50^[31]+微调	29.65	42.30
本文散射辅助方法	59.90	70.13

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