See-Earth:高频时序多维地球环境监测SAR星座

王樱洁 王宇 禹卫东 赵庆超 刘开雨 刘大成 邓云凯 欧乃铭 贾小雪 张衡 赵鹏飞 王伟 余伟 葛大庆 唐新明 李涛

王樱洁, 王宇, 禹卫东, 等. See-Earth:高频时序多维地球环境监测SAR星座[J]. 雷达学报, 2021, 10(6): 842–864. doi: 10.12000/JR21176
引用本文: 王樱洁, 王宇, 禹卫东, 等. See-Earth:高频时序多维地球环境监测SAR星座[J]. 雷达学报, 2021, 10(6): 842–864. doi: 10.12000/JR21176
WANG Yingjie, WANG Robert, YU Weidong, et al. See-Earth: SAR constellation with dense time-series for multi-dimensional environmental monitoring of the earth[J]. Journal of Radars, 2021, 10(6): 842–864. doi: 10.12000/JR21176
Citation: WANG Yingjie, WANG Robert, YU Weidong, et al. See-Earth: SAR constellation with dense time-series for multi-dimensional environmental monitoring of the earth[J]. Journal of Radars, 2021, 10(6): 842–864. doi: 10.12000/JR21176

See-Earth:高频时序多维地球环境监测SAR星座

doi: 10.12000/JR21176
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61825106)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王樱洁(1992–),女,河南邓州人,博士,助理研究员。主要从事星载合成孔径雷达干涉系统设计、时序干涉SAR技术应用等研究工作

    王 宇(1980–),男,河南汝南人,中科院特聘研究员、博士生导师。主要从事星载成像雷达系统与信号处理研究工作

    禹卫东(1969–),男,河南巩义人,中科院特聘研究员、博士生导师。长期从事机载、星载合成孔径雷达系统设计和研制工作

    赵庆超(1987–),男,山东德州人,博士,助理研究员。主要从事星载合成孔径雷达系统设计、数字波束形成技术等研究工作

    刘开雨(1981–),男,山东枣庄人,硕士生导师,副研究员。主要从事星载合成孔径雷达系统研制、中央电子设备技术等研究工作

    刘大成(1990–),男,云南大理人,助理研究员。主要从事星载合成孔径雷达系统设计工作、双基SAR同步技术研究等研究工作

    邓云凯(1962–),男,湖北荆门人,中科院特聘研究员、博士生导师。长期从事星载成像雷达系统设计、成像基础理论及微波遥感理论研究工作

    欧乃铭(1986–),男,山西芮城人,副研究员、硕士生导师。主要从事有源相控阵天线和计算电磁学研究等研究工作

    贾小雪(1982–),女,吉林长春人,副研究员。主要从事星载成像处理、轨道设计与仿真等研究工作

    张 衡(1990–),男,山东滕州人,副研究员。主要从事多基星载SAR信号处理、系统设计、多基线干涉SAR信号处理等研究工作

    赵鹏飞(1993–),男,江苏扬州人,博士后。主要从事星载极化SAR系统设计新体制SAR系统模糊抑制研究,及极化数据处理等研究工作

    王 伟(1985–),男,河北邯郸人,副研究员、硕士生导师。主要从事星载合成孔径雷达系统设计、数字阵列处理,波形编码与优化等研究工作

    余 伟(1982–),男,江苏仪征人,硕士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事星载相控阵天线系统架构设计等研究工作

    葛大庆(1979–),男,陕西永寿人,教授级高级工程师,主要从事雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术研究与地表形变监测应用等研究工作

    唐新明(1966–),男,江苏南通人,自然资源部国土卫星遥感应用中心总工,研究员,主要从事卫星遥感测绘等研究工作

    李 涛(1986–),男,山东聊城人,博士研究生,副研究员,主要从事SAR卫星地形测绘及形变监测等研究工作

    通讯作者:

    王宇 yuwang@mail.ie.ac.cn

    禹卫东 ywd@mail.ie.ac.cn

  • 责任主编:陈杰 Corresponding Editor: CHEN Jie
  • 品质因数定义为测绘幅宽(km)/分辨率(m)。
  • 此模式可提供方位向1 m分辨率,但是受限于系统带宽,距离向分辨率约3 m。
  • 中图分类号: TN957.52

See-Earth: SAR Constellation with Dense Time-SEries for Multi-dimensional Environmental Monitoring of the Earth

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61825106)
More Information
  • 摘要: 我国星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)面临着卫星通用性、应用维度与深度以及广域观测效能等局限性,缺少面向全球并实现长期、稳定、高性能环境动态监测的卫星系统。随着国际环境日趋复杂,我国亟需发展面向全球动态环境监测的SAR卫星系统,实现大范围、高重访、长期、稳定、高精度的对地观测。该文提出一个高频时序多维地球环境监测SAR星座(简称See-Earth)计划,从系统构想、技术体制、性能分析、应用潜力以及新体制扩展几方面来进行探讨。

     

  • 图  1  See-Earth概念示意图

    Figure  1.  Schematic diagram of the See-Earth plan

    图  2  See-Earth观测模式示意图

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of the See-Earth observation mode

    图  3  SAR载荷系统组成框图

    Figure  3.  The composition block diagram of SAR system

    图  4  See-Earth数据处理流程

    Figure  4.  See-Earth data processing flow

    图  5  天线子板构型图

    Figure  5.  The configuration diagram of the antenna sub-board

    图  6  天线子系统拓扑结构

    Figure  6.  The antenna subsystem topology

    图  7  See-Earth在轨工作示意图

    Figure  7.  The schematic diagram of See-Earth on-orbit working

    图  8  方位多通道系统信号收发示意图

    Figure  8.  Schematic diagram for the signal transmission and reception of the azimuth multi-channel system

    图  9  方位向多通道系统的等效相位中心与信号采样情况

    Figure  9.  The equivalent phase center and signal sampling situation of the azimuth multi-channel system

    图  10  方位多通道数据重建后成像结果

    Figure  10.  The imaging results after azimuth multi-channel reconstruction

    图  11  DBF SAR系统概念图

    Figure  11.  Conceptual diagram of the DBF SAR system

    图  12  单点目标回波的扫描接收示意图

    Figure  12.  Schematic diagram for the echo scanning and receiving of a single-point target

    图  13  DSBF处理器单点目标回波的扫描接收示意图

    Figure  13.  Schematic diagram for the echo scanning and receiving of a single-point target using the DSBF processor

    图  14  DBF处理所需乘法次数随俯仰向通道数的变化[11]

    Figure  14.  The number of multiplications required for the DBF processing varies with the number of channels in elevation[11]

    图  15  机载DBF SAR数据成像结果

    Figure  15.  The imaging results of airborne DBF SAR data

    图  16  传统线全极化SAR系统时序图

    Figure  16.  The timing diagram of conventional quadrature polarimetric SAR system

    图  17  混合全极化SAR系统时序图(左右旋圆极化)

    Figure  17.  The timing diagram of hybrid quadrature polarimetric SAR system (left and right circular polarization)

    图  18  混合简缩极化SAR系统时序图(右旋圆极化发射)

    Figure  18.  The timing diagram of hybrid compact polarimetric SAR system (right circular polarization transmission)

    图  19  不同极化方式分类结果对比

    Figure  19.  Classification results of different polarization modes

    图  20  天线方向图赋型优化原理

    Figure  20.  Optimization principle of the antenna pattern shaping

    图  21  天线方向图赋型优化结果

    Figure  21.  Optimization results of the antenna pattern shaping

    图  22  LT-1优化前后有效观测范围对比

    Figure  22.  Comparison of the effective observation range before and after LT-1 optimization

    图  23  方位向三通道混合全极化SAR系统的等效相位中心示意图

    Figure  23.  Schematic diagram of the equivalent phase center of the azimuth three-channel hybrid four-polarized SAR system

    图  24  重建方法性能对比

    Figure  24.  Performance comparison of the reconstruction methods

    图  25  1 m/120 km模式波位图

    Figure  25.  Timing diagram of the 1 m/120 km mode

    图  26  系统性能仿真结果

    Figure  26.  Simulation results of the system performance

    图  27  See-Earth星座全球平均重访时间

    Figure  27.  The global average revisit time of the See-Earth plan

    图  28  全国中东部地区InSAR监测地面沉降分布(来源:中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心)

    Figure  28.  Land subsidence distribution monitored by InSAR in the central and eastern regions of the China (Source: Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center, Ministry of Land and Resources)

    图  29  Borneo森林Pauli图(上)及生物量估计结果(下) [47]

    Figure  29.  Pauli map of Borneo forest (top) and biomass estimation results (bottom) [47]

    图  30  金沙江白格滑坡监测结果

    Figure  30.  Monitoring results of Baige landslide on the Jinsha River

    图  31  滑坡区域灾后的极化分解伪彩色合成图(2018年10月12日)

    Figure  31.  Pseudo-color composite image of polarization decomposition after the disaster in the landslide area (October 12, 2018)

    图  32  典型目标特征提取

    Figure  32.  The feature extraction of typical targets

    图  33  地球科学应用需求

    Figure  33.  Application requirements of the Earth science

    图  34  TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X双基成像模式浮冰成像结果[53]

    Figure  34.  The ice floe imaging results of TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X dual-base imaging mode[53]

    表  1  See-Earth主要系统指标

    Table  1.   Main system indicators of the See-Earth plan

    指标取值
    轨道高度1100 km
    回归周期2天(单星8天)
    星座卫星数4颗
    频段L波段
    主要工作模式1 m/120 km(单极化/简缩极化)
    3 m/300 km(单极化/简缩极化)
    3 m/150 km(全极化)
    10 m/1000 km(单极化/简缩极化)
    10 m/500 km(全极化)
    天线重量510 kg
    中央电子设备重量80 kg
    载荷总重量≤830 kg
    功耗<13500 W
    占空比约13%
    数据率<12 Gbps
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  天线主要参数

    Table  2.   Main parameters of the antenna

    参数取值
    中心频率1.257 GHz
    工作带宽最大84 MHz (应急可拓展300 MHz)
    通道数8(方位向)×8(距离向)
    天线尺寸13.6 m(方位向)×4.4 m(距离向)
    单位面积重量约8.5 kg/m²
    波束扫描范围距离向±20º
    波束宽度方位向: 0.90°;距离向: 2.76°
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  See-Earth卫星轨道参数

    Table  3.   Orbit parameters of the See-Earth satellite

    参数取值
    轨道类型太阳同步轨道
    轨道倾角98°
    轨道偏心率0
    近地点倾角90°
    轨道半长轴7489 km
    升交点时间6:00 AM,晨昏成像
    平近点角0°/90°/180°/270°
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  各工作模式性能

    Table  4.   Performance of each operation mode

    工作模式性能指标仿真结果
    1 m/120 km
    单极化/简缩极化
    最差NESZ–29.98 dB
    最差AASR–22.02 dB
    最差RASR–21.22 dB
    最大数据率5.23 Gbps(单极化)
    10.46 Gbps(简缩极化)
    3 m/300 km
    单极化/简缩极化
    最差NESZ–29.87 dB
    最差AASR–21.10 dB
    最差RASR–22.01 dB
    最大数据率5.52 Gbps(单极化)
    11.04 Gbps(简缩极化)
    3 m/150 km
    全极化
    最差NESZ–28.96 dB
    最差AASR–21.12 dB
    最差RASR–22.36 dB(同极化)
    –16.36 dB(交叉极化)
    最大数据率10.84 Gbps
    10 m/1000 km
    单极化/简缩极化
    最差NESZ–32.45 dB
    最差AASR–21.52 dB
    最差RASR–21.28 dB
    最大数据率2.76 Gbps(单极化)
    5.52 Gbps(简缩极化)
    10 m/500 km
    全极化
    最差NESZ–31.46 dB
    最差AASR–21.61 dB
    最差RASR–21.53 dB(同极化)
    –17.21 dB(交叉极化)
    最大数据率5.75 Gbps
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  See-Earth观测能力

    Table  5.   See-Earth observation capability

    工作模式:极化/分辨率/幅宽图像重叠率全球覆盖时间 (d)*全国覆盖时间(90%) (h)*局部区域覆盖时间
    1:单极化/简缩极化1 m/120 km>10%12722小时覆盖北京地区
    2:全极化3 m/150 km>10%1060
    3:单极化/简缩极化3 m/300 km>10%5362小时覆盖华北地区
    4: 全极化10 m/500 km>10%424
    5:单极化/简缩极化10 m/1000 km
    >10%24
    *全球覆盖时间:每轨开机时间假定为30 min;全国覆盖时间:同时考虑升降轨覆盖。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  See-Earth产品观测性能

    Table  6.   The observation performance of See-Earth product

    应用潜力应用技术需求See-Earth产品
    高程测量与地表形变监测高频次时序干涉● 高精度DEM数据
    ● 每2天可实现对观测区域的回归
    服务国家重大工程高频次高精度广域观测● 8天覆盖@1 m/120 km
    ● 1天覆盖@10 m/1000 km
    ● 星座平均重访3 h
    自然资源动态监测森林生物量、地物分类● 高精度全极化数据
    ● 观测模式:3 m/150 km全极化,10 m/500 km全极化
    应急管理极化干涉、高频次重访、滑坡形变监测● 间隔2天可获取重复观测干涉数据
    ● 星座平均重访3 h,最快重访时间25 min
    ● 观测模式:3 m/150 km全极化,10 m/500 km全极化
    交通、水利、住建等行业高分辨率动态观测● 星座平均重访3 h,最快重访时间25 min
    ● 观测模式:1 m/120 km
    地球科学形变、生物量、应用全部
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-11-11
  • 修回日期:  2021-12-17
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-12-28
  • 刊出日期:  2021-12-28

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