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摘要: 依据多普勒效应，传统雷达可以实现对运动目标探测，但是在对旋转目标的角向运动趋势感知存在检测盲区。涡旋电磁波的旋转多普勒效应的发现，因有助于解决直视下的旋转目标的角向运动趋势感知问题，引起了国内外研究人员的广泛关注。该文主要介绍了近年来涡旋电磁波旋转多普勒效应的研究进展，特别是微波波段的相关研究成果，包括目标在准轴和非准轴状况下的旋转多普勒效应研究，复杂运动条件下的径向多普勒、微多普勒和旋转多普勒效应的解耦合研究，以及旋转多普勒效应在雷达成像和测速中的应用研究。同时，该文也对该领域亟待解决的问题进行了总结分析，并对未来的研究方向及相关应用进行了展望。Abstract: Traditional radars can detect moving targets using the Doppler effect. However, traditional radars have shadow areas in detecting the angular motion of the rotating targets. The discovery of the rotational Doppler effect based on vortex electromagnetic waves helps solve the problem of detecting the angular motion of the rotating targets under direct vision, which has attracted considerable attention from domestic and foreign scholars. In this study, we discussed the recent research progress on the rotational Doppler effect of vortex electromagnetic waves, particularly for related results in the microwave band, including the rotational Doppler effects on the target under on-axis and off-axis cases; decoupling linear Doppler, micro-Doppler and rotational Doppler effects under complex motion cases; and rotational Doppler effects on the applications of radar imaging and velocity measurement. We summarized and analyzed the existing problems demanding prompt solutions in this field, and proposed future research directions and relative applications.
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图 4 光波段的旋转多普勒效应研究
Figure 4. Researches of the rotational Doppler effect in the optical band
图 5 准轴情况下的旋转多普勒效应研究
Figure 5. Researches of the rotational Doppler effect in on-axis case
图 6 非准轴情况下的旋转多普勒效应研究
Figure 6. Researches of the rotational Doppler effect in off-axis case
图 8 基于旋转多普勒效应的雷达系统研究
Figure 8. Researches of radar system based on the rotational Doppler effect
图 9 阵列半径a=5λ时，不同OAM模式数的涡旋电磁波在传输过程中的发散情况
Figure 9. Divergence situation of transmitting vortex electromagnetic waves with different OAM modes generated by the UCA with radius of a=5λ
表 1 报道的准轴情况下的旋转多普勒效应检测性能
Table 1. Reported performances of detecting the rotational Doppler effect in on-axis case
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表 2 报道的非准轴情况下的旋转多普勒效应检测性能
Table 2. Reported performances of detecting the rotational Doppler effect in off-axis case
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