电控时变电磁材料的SAR成像特性研究

王俊杰; 冯德军; 王志凇; 邢世其; 李永祯; 王雪松

doi:10.12000/JR21104

电控时变电磁材料的SAR成像特性研究

DOI: 10.12000/JR21104

1.
国防科技大学电子科学学院电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室长沙 410073
2.
中国人民解放军32200部队锦州 121000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62071475, 61890542, 62001481)

详细信息

作者简介:
王俊杰(1991–)，男，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为新材料电磁调控、雷达信号处理与新型电子对抗

冯德军(1972–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为智能电子对抗、精确制导与目标识别

王志凇(1988–)，男，硕士，主要研究方向为武器装备实验鉴定

邢世其(1984–)，男，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为极化雷达成像、雷达信号处理与合成孔径雷达对抗

李永祯(1977–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化雷达与电子对抗

王雪松(1972–)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化雷达、目标识别与电子对抗

通讯作者:
王俊杰 wangjunjie14@vip.qq.com

冯德军 fdj117@sina.com

责任主编：丁泽刚 Corresponding Editor: DING Zegang
中图分类号: TN955
计量
- 文章访问数: 1470
- HTML全文浏览量: 1080
- PDF下载量: 225
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-22
- 修回日期: 2021-10-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-04
- 刊出日期: 2021-12-28

Synthetic Aperture Rader Imaging Characteristics of Electronically Controlled Time-varying Electromagnetic Materials

1.
The State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, College of Electronic Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2.
Unit 32200 of PLA, Jinzhou 121000, China

Funds: The National Nature Science Foundation of China (62071475, 61890542, 62001481)

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Junjie, wangjunjie14@vip.qq.com; FENG Dejun, fdj117@sina.com

摘要

摘要: 微动目标因具有在不同方向的运动分量，能够对电磁波进行微多普勒调制，导致目标成像特征出现方位向散焦效应，这种现象在目标识别与反识别领域被广泛关注与研究。相较而言，电控时变电磁材料通过外加激励实现对电磁波特征的灵活调控，具有更快的调制速度，而其成像特性没有被过多关注。该文以此为切入点，对电控时变电磁材料的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像距离向调制特性进行了研究，分析了时变电磁材料谱变换模型和SAR目标特征控制原理。以相位调制表面(PSS)为代表，建立了非周期PSS相位调制模型，其频谱具有连续频移特性。在此基础上，探讨了PSS连续频移调制对SAR的影响，揭露了距离向目标散焦现象。通过SAR实测数据仿真，验证了所提理论方法的有效性。
- 时变电磁材料 /
- 相位调制表面 /
- 非周期调制 /
- 谱变换 /
- 合成孔径雷达
Abstract: Micromotion targets can enable microDoppler modulation on electromagnetic waves owing to their motion components in different directions, resulting in the defocusing effects of the target imaging features along the azimuth direction. This phenomenon has been widely considered and investigated in target recognition and antirecognition. As a research hotspot, electronically controlled time-varying electromagnetic materials have fast modulation characteristics; however, their imaging characteristics have not received much attention. This study investigates the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) modulation characteristics along the range direction of electronically controlled time-varying electromagnetic materials. Then, this study establishes the time-varying electromagnetic material spectrum transformation model and analyzes the SAR target characteristic control principle. Taking the Phase-Switched Screen (PSS) as an example, a nonperiodic PSS phase modulation model is established, and its spectrum has continuous frequency shift characteristics. On this basis, the influence of continuous frequency shift modulation induced by nonperiodic PSS on SAR was further discussed and the defocusing phenomenon of the target along the range direction was detected. Through the simulation of measured data, the validity of the proposed theoretical method is verified.
- Time-varying electromagnetic materials /
- Phase-Switched Screen (PSS) /
- Nonperiodic modulation /
- Spectrum conversion /
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)

HTML全文

图 1 电控时变电磁材料

Figure 1. Electronically controlled time-varying electromagnetic materials

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 SAR成像模型

Figure 2. SAR imaging model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 非周期PSS相位调制波形

Figure 3. Nonperiodic PSS phase modulation waveform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 非周期PSS波形频谱特性

Figure 4. Spectrum characteristics of nonperiodic PSS waveform

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 非周期PSS调制的匹配滤波输出

Figure 5. Nonperiodic PSS modulated matched filter output

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 基于非周期PSS调制的SAR成像效果图

Figure 6. SAR imaging effect based on aperiodic PSS modulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(32)

[1]	CHEN V C, LI F, HO S S, et al. Micro-Doppler effect in radar: Phenomenon, model, and simulation study[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2006, 42(1): 2–21. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2006.1603402
[2]	庄钊文, 刘永祥, 黎湘. 目标微动特性研究进展[J]. 电子学报, 2007, 35(3): 520–525. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2007.03.028 ZHUANG Zhaowen, LIU Yongxiang, and LI Xiang. The achievements of target characteristic with micro-motion[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2007, 35(3): 520–525. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2007.03.028
[3]	吴晓芳, 刘阳, 王雪松, 等. 旋转微动目标的SAR成像特性分析[J]. 宇航学报, 2010, 31(4): 1181–1189. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2010.04.039 WU Xiaofang, LIU Yang, WANG Xuesong, et al. Analysis of SAR imaging characteristics of targets with rotational micro-motion[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2010, 31(4): 1181–1189. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2010.04.039
[4]	白雪茹, 孙光才, 周峰, 等. 基于旋转角反射器的ISAR干扰新方法[J]. 电波科学学报, 2008, 23(5): 867–872. doi: 10.13443/j.cjors.2008.05.019 BAI Xueru, SUN Guangcai, ZHOU Feng, et al. A novel ISAR jamming method based on rotating angular reflectors[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2008, 23(5): 867–872. doi: 10.13443/j.cjors.2008.05.019
[5]	PENDRY J B. Focus issue: Negative refraction and metamaterials[J]. Optics Express, 2003, 11(7): 639. doi: 10.1364/OE.11.000639
[6]	YEN T J, PADILLA W J, FANG N, et al. Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials[J]. Science, 2004, 303(5663): 1494–1496. doi: 10.1126/science.1094025
[7]	PADILLA W J. Group theoretical description of artificial electromagnetic metamaterials[J]. Optics Express, 2007, 15(4): 1639–1646. doi: 10.1364/OE.15.001639
[8]	TENNANT A and CHAMBERS B. Adaptive radar absorbing structure with PIN diode controlled active frequency selective surface[J]. Smart materials and Structures, 2004, 13(1): 122–125. doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/13/1/013
[9]	HUANG Cheng, ZHAO Bo, SONG Jiakun, et al. Active transmission/absorption frequency selective surface with dynamical modulation of amplitude[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(6): 3593–3598. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.3037813
[10]	CHAMBERS B and TENNANT A. The phase-switched screen[J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2004, 46(6): 23–27. doi: 10.1109/MAP.2004.1396733
[11]	RAMACCIA D, SOUNAS D L, ALÙ A, et al. Phase-induced frequency conversion and Doppler effect with time-modulated metasurfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(3): 1607–1617. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2952469
[12]	SAIKIA M, SRIVASTAVA K V, and RAMAKRISHNA A S. Frequency-shifted reflection of electromagnetic waves using a time-modulated active tunable frequency-selective surface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2020, 68(4): 2937–2944. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2019.2951494
[13]	ZHAO Jie, YANG Xi, DAI Junyan, et al. Programmable time-domain digital-coding metasurface for non-linear harmonic manipulation and new wireless communication systems[J]. National Science Review, 2019, 6(2): 231–238. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwy135
[14]	JIA Yongtao, LIU Ying, GUO Y J, et al. A dual-patch polarization rotation reflective surface and its application to ultra-wideband RCS reduction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, 65(6): 3291–3295. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2694879
[15]	ZAKER R and SADEGHZADEH A. A low-profile design of polarization rotation reflective surface for wideband RCS reduction[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2019, 18(9): 1794–1798. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2019.2930130
[16]	CUI Tiejun, QI Meiqing, WAN Xiang, et al. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials[J]. Light:Science & Applications, 2014, 3(10): e218. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2014.99
[17]	ZHANG Lei, CHEN Xiaoqing, LIU Shuo, et al. Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1): 4334. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06802-0
[18]	杨欢欢, 曹祥玉, 高军, 等. 可重构电磁超表面及其应用研究进展[J]. 雷达学报, 2021, 10(2): 206–219. doi: 10.12000/JR20137 YANG Huanhuan, CAO Xiangyu, GAO Jun, et al. Recent advances in reconfigurable metasurfaces and their applications[J]. Journal of Radars, 2021, 10(2): 206–219. doi: 10.12000/JR20137
[19]	LUO Yong, KIKUTA K, HAN Zhengli, et al. An active metamaterial antenna with mems-modulated scanning radiation beams[J]. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2016, 37(7): 920–923. doi: 10.1109/LED.2016.2565559
[20]	BRYANT A T, LU Liqing, SANTI E, et al. Physical modeling of fast p-i-n diodes with carrier lifetime zoning, Part I: Device model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electrons, 2008, 23(1): 189–197. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2007.911823
[21]	XU Letao, FENG Dejun, and WANG Xuesong. Matched-filter properties of linear-frequency-modulation radar signal reflected from a phase-switched screen[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2016, 10(2): 318–324. doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2015.0182
[22]	XU Letao, FENG Dejun, and WANG Xuesong. High-resolution range profile deception method based on phase-switched screen[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2016, 15: 1665–1668. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2016.2521778
[23]	WANG Junjie, FENG Dejun, XU Zhiming, et al. Time-domain digital-coding active frequency selective surface absorber/reflector and its imaging characteristics[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2021, 69(6): 3322–3331. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2020.3037757
[24]	保铮, 邢孟道, 王彤. 雷达成像技术[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005: 123–134. BAO Zheng, XING Mengdao, WANG Tong. Radar Imaging Technique[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005: 123–134.
[25]	YASIR S, 杨国敏, 徐丰. 四叶草形超宽带漫散射编码超表面[J]. 雷达学报, 2021, 10(3): 382–390. doi: 10.12000/JR21061 YASIR S, YANG Guomin, and XU Feng. A four-leaf clover-shaped coding metasurface for ultra-wideband diffusion-like scattering[J]. Journal of Radars, 2021, 10(3): 382–390. doi: 10.12000/JR21061
[26]	张然, 冯德军, 徐乐涛. 基于Salisbury屏的二面角设计及其极化特性分析[J]. 雷达学报, 2016, 5(6): 658–665. doi: 10.12000/JR16055 ZHANG Ran, FENG Dejun, and XU Letao. Design and polarization characteristics analysis of dihedral based on Salisbury screen[J]. Journal of Radars, 2016, 5(6): 658–665. doi: 10.12000/JR16055
[27]	WEI Yue, SHEN Gangxiang, and BOSE S K. Span-restorable elastic optical networks under different spectrum conversion capabilities[J]. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2014, 63(2): 401–411. doi: 10.1109/TR.2014.2313806
[28]	TENNANT A. Reflection properties of a phase modulating planar screen[J]. Electronics Letters, 1997, 33(21): 1768–1769. doi: 10.1049/el:19971160
[29]	CHAMBERS B and TENNANT A. Reflection of radar signals from multiple phase-modulated surfaces[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2007, 1(2): 142–148. doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn:20060078
[30]	SHULMAN N and FEDER M. Random coding techniques for nonrandom codes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 1999, 45(6): 2101–2104. doi: 10.1109/18.782147
[31]	TAI Ning, CUI Kaibo, WANG Chao, et al. The design of a novel coherent noise jammer against LFM radar[J]. IEICE Electronics Express, 2016, 13(21): 1–12. doi: 10.1587/elex.13.20160924
[32]	WU Qihua, LIU Xiaobin, LIU Jin, et al. A radar imaging method using nonperiodic interrupted sampling linear frequency modulation signal[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(20): 8294–8302. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2865531