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A Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation Method for Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radars
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摘要: 为了滤除极化-多普勒气象雷达中的射频干扰，该文提出利用谱极化滤波器，适用于同时发射同时接收(STSR)和分时发射同时接收(ATSR)体制的极化气象雷达。首先利用C波段STSR气象雷达的实测数据研究射频干扰的时域、频域和极化域特性，建立射频干扰信号模型。然后，在X波段ATSR雷达的数据中仿真加入射频干扰，验证谱极化滤波器的有效性。总体看来，在ATSR雷达中利用谱极化滤波器可以有效保留降雨目标并且滤除射频干扰。最后，针对STSR雷达提出利用数据分集的方法，STSR雷达的实测数据可以模拟ATSR雷达数据，再利用谱极化滤波器实现射频干扰滤除，同样可以取得较好的滤波效果。
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关键词:
- 极化-多普勒气象雷达 /
- 射频干扰 /
- 谱极化滤波器 /
- 数据分集
Abstract: To mitigate Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) for polarimetric Doppler weather radars, this paper proposes to use spectral polarimetric filters. Polarimetric weather radars can be divided into two basic categories: Simultaneously Transmitting and Simultaneously Receiving (STSR) and Alternately Transmitting and Simultaneously Receiving (ATSR). First, the real RFI measurements from an operational C-band STSR weather radar help characterize the temporal, spectral and polarimetric features of RFI. Then, RFI is simulated in an X-band ATSR radar to quantify the performances of spectral polarimetric filters. Overall, spectral polarimetric filters can keep the precipitation and remove RFI in an ATSR radar. Finally, the data division method is put forward for STSR radars by mimicking the ATSR measurements. Good performance in RFI mitigation is also verified by using the same spectral polarimetric filters. -
图 4 射频干扰时域模型
Figure 4. The signal model of radio frequency interference in time domain
图 6 不同INR条件下的IDRA雷达的谱极化分量
Figure 6. The spectral polarimetric variables of IDRA measurements in different INR conditions
图 9 不同处理后的性能指标与INR的关系
Figure 9. The relationships between the metrics after different processing and the INR
表 1 KNMI雷达手册
Table 1. KNMI radar specifications
雷达类型 脉冲多普勒 发射机类型 磁控管 极化类型 STSR模式 中心频率 5.63 GHz 发射功率 500 kW 脉冲宽度 0.5～3.5 μs 脉冲重复频率 175～2400 Hz 天线宽度 1° 扫描角 方位–2°～90°，俯仰0°～360° 扫描周期 16扫描模式/5 min 
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表 2 射频干扰极化参量与不同极化的辐射源的关系
Table 2. The relationship between polarization variables and RF source with different polarization
RF极化 参量 H极化 45°线极化 V极化 ${Z_{{\rm{dr}}} }$ (dB) 无限大 0 无限小 STSR的$ {\rho _{{\text{co}}}} $ 小 大 小 ATSR的$ {\rho _{{\text{co}}}} $ 小 小 小
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表 3 IDRA雷达参数
Table 3. IDRA radar specifications
雷达类型 线性FMCW 发射机类型 固态 极化类型 ATSR模式 中心频率 9.475 GHz 发射功率 20 W 扫描时间 409.6 μs 带宽 5 MHz 天线宽度 1.8° 扫描角 俯仰 0.5°，方位0°～360° 扫描周期 1圈/min
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