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Orbital Angular Momentum Anti-interference Properties Analysis of Electromagnetic Vortex Wave
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摘要: 鉴于涡旋电磁波所体现出的独特空间电磁场分布特征，以及其携带的轨道角动量(OAM)在理论上所具有的无穷维度模态正交特性，涡旋电磁波在无线通信领域和雷达探测与成像领域均表现出重要的研究价值和应用潜力。该文主要从涡旋电磁波空间电磁场分布的角度以及OAM模态正交性保持的角度，重点对涡旋电磁波射频收发链路中OAM模态的抗干扰性能进行分析。在C波段分别设计了不同的平面阵列天线用来产生和接收携带有OAM模态为
$\ell = + 1$ 和$\ell = - 2$ 的涡旋电磁波束，并建立起涡旋电磁波的射频收发链路。通过引入一个喇叭天线作为干扰源，以相应涡旋电磁波束的OAM模态谱分布以及OAM模态正交性作为主要的分析依据，在不同干扰场景下抗干扰性对涡旋电磁波的收发射频链路的OAM模态性能进行仿真和分析。该文对设计的天线模型进行加工和测试，对涡旋电磁波射频收发链路中OAM模态抗干扰性能的分析，可以为涡旋电磁波在无线通信及雷达探测与成像等有关研究领域提供一些前瞻性的探索和设计上的指导。Abstract: The electromagnetic vortex wave has demonstrated excellent research value with potential applications in the fields of wireless communication and radar detection and imaging due to its unusual electromagnetic field distribution and theoretically infinite orthogonal Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes. This study analyzes the anti-interference performance of OAM modes in the electromagnetic vortex Radio Frequency (RF) transceiver link primarily from the perspective of the electromagnetic vortex field distributions in space and the OAM modes orthogonality. Planar antenna arrays are designed to generate the electromagnetic vortex beams with respective OAM modes of and in the C band, and the corresponding RF transceiver links are established. The OAM modes’ anti-interference properties under different interference situations are analyzed in the electromagnetic vortex RF transceiver link by using a horn antenna as the interference source. Meanwhile, the corresponding OAM mode spectrum and the OAM modes’ orthogonality are employed as the primary methods in our analysis. Finally, the designed antenna models are fabricated, and the electromagnetic vortex RF transceiver links are measured. The corresponding analyses and conclusions are presented in this study. The OAM modes’ anti-interference performance analysis in the vortex electromagnetic wave’s RF transceiver link can provide a reference for exploring and designing a vortex electromagnetic wave in wireless communication and radar detection and imaging research. -
图 1 右旋圆极化天线单元结构图
Figure 1. Right-handed circularly polarized antenna unit structure diagram
图 2 涡旋电磁波发射天线阵列，用于产生OAM模态值
$\ell = + 1$ Figure 2. Designed antenna array for generating electromagnetic vortex beam with OAM mode
$\ell = + 1$ 
图 3 涡旋电磁波发射天线阵列，用于产生OAM模态值
$\ell = - 2$ Figure 3. Designed antenna array for generating electromagnetic vortex beam with OAM mode
$\ell = - 2$ 
图 4 天线阵列产生涡旋电磁波的3D及2D方向图
Figure 4. Generated vortex beams’ 3D radiation pattern and 2D radiation pattern through the designed antenna array
图 5 在观察面上由天线阵列仿真得到的涡旋电场幅度分布图与相位分布图
Figure 5. Simulated vortex electric field intensity distributions and phase distributions of OAM mode +1 and OAM mode –2 in the observation plane through the design antenna array
图 6 OAM模态纯度随采样接收半径变化曲线图以及在固定采样接收半径为300 mm处的OAM模态纯度分布图
Figure 6. Curves of the OAM mode purity versus the sampling reception radius, and the OAM mode purity spectrum at the fixed sampling reception radius of 300 mm
图 7 轨道角动量涡旋电磁波束抗干扰分析仿真模型示意图
Figure 7. Simulation model for electromagnetic vortex waves’ OAM mode ant-interference analysis
图 8 干扰源位于不同偏转角度时仿真得到的涡旋电场幅度与相位分布变化图
Figure 8. Simulated vortex electric field distributions when the interference source is set at different deflection angles
9 外部干扰源位于不同照射角度时OAM模态纯度随着采样接收半径变化的关系曲线图及在固定采样接收半径为300 mm处的OAM模态纯度谱分布图
9. Curves of the OAM mode purity versus the sampling reception radius when the interference source is located at different illumination angles, and the OAM mode purity spectrum at the fixed sampling reception radius of 300 mm
图 11 天线阵列实物及测试场景
Figure 11. Antenna array prototype and the corresponding measurement environment
图 12 不同OAM模态传输系数测试结果曲线图
Figure 12. Measured transmission coefficients of different OAM modes
表 1 4.25 GHz右旋圆极化天线单元尺寸参数(单位：mm)
Table 1. Size parameters 4.25 GHz of the designed right-handed circularly polarized antenna unit (Unit: mm)
Parameter Value Parameter Value wp 18.2 Lur 7.2 Lp 18.2 Lf 4.7 wu 7 ws 1.1 Lul 9 
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表 2 不同OAM模态涡旋波束收发射频链路的传输系数仿真结果(单位：dB)
Table 2. Simulated transmission coefficients of vortex beams RF transceiver link under different OAM modes (Unit: dB)
Tilted angle OAM mode $\ell $ = +1 OAM mode $\ell $ = –2 Match Interference Match Interference 15° –19.07 –29.4 –31.44 –45.25 30° –18.79 –31.7 –28.37 –48.32 45° –18.55 –36.4 –31.41 –42.69
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