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摘要: 无源定位技术是现代电子战领域中重要的组成部分，然而现有的对抗无源定位系统采用的射频隐身、电子干扰等传统方法仍存在着很大的局限性。该文提出将频控阵技术应用到无源定位对抗领域，频控阵独特的波束扫描特性使得主波束在同一方位角度位置处的波束驻留时间缩短，无源定位系统无法长时间截获频控阵信号。另一方面，频控阵信号的时变特性使得无源定位系统接收信号信噪比大大降低，因此能有效地增加无源定位系统的定位误差，降低其定位效能。搭载有频控阵辐射源的电子系统在利用自身辐射信号对外部环境进行感知的同时，又能阻止敌方的无源定位系统对其实施定位侦察。理论分析和仿真验证均证实了频控阵辐射源针对干涉仪测向与时频差定位两种无源定位方法具备优良的对抗性能，该文的仿真实例显示采用频控阵辐射源时其探测精度明显降低，从而为研究同时具备主动探测和无源定位对抗能力的新一代电子系统提供了新的技术思路。Abstract: Passive localization technology is an integral part of electronic warfare. However, most methods for countering passive localization systems, such as radio frequency stealth and electronic interference, have limitations. This paper proposes a new passive localization countermeasure method based on Frequency Diverse Array (FDA). The unique beam scanning property reduces dwell time at a certain azimuth direction, making it difficult for a passive localization system to intercept FDA signals for a long time. In contrast, the time-varying characteristics of the FDA considerably reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal, increasing the difficulty in accurately detecting the localization information of the radiation source. Thus, using this new technology, the electronic system platform can perceive the external environment through the signals radiated by the FDA antenna while deceiving the enemy’s passive localization system. Both theoretical analysis and numerical results showed that FDA transmitted signal achieved significantly better localization countermeasure performance in direction finding by an interferometer, frequency difference of arrival, and time difference of arrival, which are particularly useful for a new generation of electronic systems with reconnaissance detection and passive localization countermeasures capability.
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图 2 不同类型辐射源条件下的信号互模糊函数图
Figure 2. Cross ambiguity function from different signal sources
图 4 不同辐射源与信号类型条件下的测向精度
Figure 4. Accuracy of DOA from different signal sources or signal type
图 6 不同频偏大小条件下的时频差克拉默-拉奥界比较
Figure 6. CRBs analysis under different
$ \Delta f $ of FDA and PA
图 7 不同频偏类型条件下的时频差克拉默-拉奥界比较
Figure 7. CRBs analysis under different non-standard FDA and PA
图 8 不同阵元个数条件下的时频差克拉默-拉奥界比较
Figure 8. CRBs analysis under different element of FDA and PA
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