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摘要: 相位波前受轨道角动量调制的涡旋电磁波，在雷达前视成像领域得到广泛关注和研究。基于涡旋电磁波雷达成像原理和方法，该文重点对方位分辨力展开研究。首先，分析了贝塞尔幅度项对方位分辨性能的影响，结果表明，在贝塞尔幅度窗影响下，涡旋电磁波雷达方位分辨性能由有效OAM模态范围决定。其次，提出了一种有效OAM模态范围计算方法，并分别对方位角分辨率、空间分辨率以及超实孔径雷达分辨率进行了表征。最后，仿真分析了方位基本分辨性能随不同影响因素的变化规律，改变波长孔径比、成像俯仰角，能增大有效OAM模态范围，提升方位分辨性能。拟合得到了有效OAM模态范围、超实孔径雷达分辨率关于波长孔径比和成像俯仰角的近似表达式，为涡旋电磁波雷达参数设计与优化提供参考。Abstract: The vortex ElectroMagnetic (EM) wave, whose phase wavefront is modulated by the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), has received immense attention, especially in the field of forward-looking radar imaging. Based on the fundamental principle and imaging method of the vortex EM radar, the azimuth resolution was studied in this paper. First, the circumstance of considering the Bessel amplitude term was analyzed, indicating that the azimuth resolution was determined by the effective scope of OAM modes. Then, an effective method for calculating the scope of OAM modes was proposed, including the expressions of azimuth resolution, spatial resolution, and super-resolution were characterized. Finally, the fundamental resolution performance with different influencing factors was analyzed via simulations. The analysis showed that changing the wavelength aperture ratio and imaging elevation could increase the effective scope of OAM modes, which improved the azimuth resolution. Through data fitting, the approximate expressions of the effective scope of OAM modes and the resolution of the super-real aperture radar with respect to the wavelength aperture ratio and imaging elevation were obtained separately, providing a reference for the parameters design and optimization of vortex EM wave radar.
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图 2 理想情况涡旋电磁波雷达方位空间分辨率以及超实孔径雷达分辨率曲线
Figure 2. Ideally spatial-resolution and the super resolution as a function of different influence factors
图 3 贝塞尔相位补偿及对应的点扩展函数图
Figure 3. Bessel term compensation and the corresponding point spread function of azimuth
图 4 不同参数下贝塞尔幅度窗及方位剖面图
Figure 4. Bessel windows and azimuth profiles with different parameters
图 5 有效OAM模态范围计算流程
Figure 5. The flowchart of the effective OAM modes scope calculation
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