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Time-varying Polarization-converting Programmable Metasurface and Its Application in Wireless Communication System
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摘要: 该文提出了一种时变极化编码超构表面的设计方法，实现了对电磁波基波与谐波分布的非线性调控。通过加载开关二极管的方式，超构表面可在2.4 GHz频率处实现转极化与同极化反射之间的动态切换，进而通过调节时域方波调制信号的占空比和频率，可在频域内调控电磁波基波与谐波的能量分配及频率偏移。在此基础上，利用超构表面的动态电磁响应，构建了基于二进制幅度调制方式的超构表面无线通信系统，实现对传输信息的直接调制和实时传输，其中该无线通信系统的最高传输码率可达625 kbps。所有实验结果均与理论计算吻合良好。该文所提出的设计方法在下一代通信、高分辨率成像等实际应用中具有良好的发展前景。Abstract: We propose a general scheme to manipulate fundamental and harmonic frequencies simultaneously in a nonlinear fashion based on time-varying polarization-converting programmable metasurface. Co-polarization and cross-polarization reflection can be switched dynamically at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz by loading metasurface with PIN (p-i-n) diodes. As a result, by adjusting a duty cycle and frequency of square-wave-type time-varying signals used for time-varying modulation, energy distribution and frequency shift in the frequency domain can be manipulated. To verify this, we fabricated a sample and conducted experiments, and the results agreed well with the theoretical prediction, confirming the design principle. Furthermore, we propose a wireless communication system based on binary amplitude-shift keying as an example of its practical application. The proposed one eliminates the need for complex device components on the emitter because the information is directly modulated onto the metasurface, greatly simplifying the traditional system. The proposed system can achieve a maximum transmission data rate of up to 625 kbps in experiments. The proposed metasurface paves a new way for time-varying manipulation of microwave and can have potential in real-world applications, such as next-generation communication and high-resolution imaging.
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图 3 转极化超构表面单元在开关二极管导通(ON)与截止(OFF)时同极化与交叉极化反射系数的全波仿真结果
Figure 3. Full-wave simulated co- and cross- polarized results of meta-atom switching between“ON”state and“OFF”state
图 5 超构表面在占空比为50%的不同频率的方波信号调制下各阶谐波反射幅度的计算值与测试值
Figure 5. Calculated and measured spectral intensities under square-wave-type time-varying modulation with different modulation frequency but identical duty cycle S=50%
图 6 超构表面在不同占空比、频率为500 kHz方波信号调制下的各阶谐波反射幅度的计算值与测试值
Figure 6. Calculated and measured spectral intensities under square-wave-type time-varying modulation of 500 kHz with different duty cycle
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