考虑运动补偿的机载SAR定位误差传递模型及航迹标定方法

高铭; 仇晓兰; 孟大地; 黄丽佳; 丁赤飚

doi:10.12000/JR21018

考虑运动补偿的机载SAR定位误差传递模型及航迹标定方法

DOI: 10.12000/JR21018

高铭^{1, 2, 3,},
仇晓兰^{1, 2, ,},
孟大地^{1, 2,},
黄丽佳^{1, 2,},
丁赤飚^{1, 2, 3,}

1.
中国科学院空间信息处理与应用系统技术重点实验室北京 100190
2.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学北京 100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62022082, 61991424)

详细信息

作者简介:
高　铭(1997–)，女，山西忻州人，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院在读博士，研究方向为机载SAR信号处理。

仇晓兰(1982–)，女，江苏苏州人，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员，博士生导师，IEEE高级会员、IEEE地球科学与遥感快报副主编、雷达学报青年编委。主要研究方向为SAR成像处理、SAR图像理解。

孟大地(1979–)，男，陕西西安人，博士，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为合成孔径雷达信号处理。

黄丽佳(1984–)，女，山东莱州人，博士，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为合成孔径雷达信号处理与图像分析。

丁赤飚(1969–)，男，山西原平人，研究员，博士生导师，先后主持多项国家重点项目和国家级遥感卫星地面系统工程建设等项目，曾获国家科技进步奖一等奖、二等奖，国家发明奖二等奖等奖励。研究方向为合成孔径雷达、遥感信息处理和应用系统等。

通讯作者:
仇晓兰 xlqiu@mail.ie.ac.cn

责任主编：胡程 Corresponding Editor: HU Cheng
中图分类号: TN957.52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-03-02
- 修回日期: 2021-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-28

Geolocation Error Transfer Model and Trajectory Calibration Method for Airborne SAR Considering Motion Compensation Residual Error

GAO Ming^{1, 2, 3
,},
QIU Xiaolan^{1, 2
, ,},
MENG Dadi^{1, 2
,},
HUANG Lijia^{1, 2
,},
DING Chibiao^{1, 2, 3
,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Technology in Geospatial Information Processing and Application System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62022082, 61991424)

More Information

Corresponding author: QIU Xiaolan, xlqiu@mail.ie.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)定位误差不仅受载机位置/速度测量误差、系统时间误差等的影响，还与运动补偿残余误差有关。然而现有机载SAR定位模型很少考虑运动补偿误差的影响。该文针对实际中普遍存在的含运动误差和载机航迹测量误差的情况，结合运动补偿和频域成像算法，推导了机载SAR图像定位误差传递模型，阐明了运动补偿残余误差影响下航迹测量误差对定位偏差的影响方式，并基于该模型给出了载机航迹测量误差的标定方法。仿真实验验证了该定位误差传递模型的正确性，相比于不考虑运动补偿残余误差的定位模型，得到了更高精度的航迹测量误差标定结果，证明了该方法的优越性。
- 机载合成孔径雷达 /
- 定位误差传递模型 /
- 航迹测量误差标定 /
- 运动补偿 /
- 频域成像算法
Abstract: Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) location error is affected by the position/speed measurement error of the aircraft, system time error, etc., and also related to the residual error of motion compensation. However, the existing airborne SAR location model rarely considers the effect of residual motion error. Considering that motion and trajectory measurement errors are common in practice, this paper derives a location error transfer model of an airborne SAR image based on the motion compensation and frequency-domain imaging algorithms. The proposed model clarifies the influence of trajectory measurement error on location deviation when residual motion error exists and provides a method of error calibration measurement. The simulation experiments validate the correctness of the proposed location error transfer model. The present method obtains a more accurate error calibration measurement result than the location error model that does not consider the residual motion error, proving the superiority of the proposed model.
- Airborne synthetic aperture radar /
- Geolocation error transfer model /
- Trajectory measurement error calibration /
- Motion compensation /
- Frequency-domain imaging algorithm

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图 1 机载SAR几何关系

Figure 1. Airborne SAR geometry

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图 2 跨航迹平面内的SAR几何关系

Figure 2. SAR geometric relationship in the cross-track plane

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图 3 成像结果图

Figure 3. Diagram of imaging results

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图 4 航迹设置示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of trajectory setting

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图 5 仿真场景示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of simulation scene

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图 6 航迹标定示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of calibration trajectory

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图 7 x方向航迹偏差对比图

Figure 7. Contrastive diagram of trajectory deviation in x direction

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图 8 z方向航迹偏差对比图

Figure 8. Contrastive diagram of trajectory deviation in z direction

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图 9 使用标定航迹的成像结果

Figure 9. Imaging results using the calibration trajectory

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图 10 仿真场景示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of simulation scene

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图 11 整条航迹标定结果图

Figure 11. Calibration result of the whole trajectory

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图 12 标定结果对比图

Figure 12. Contrastive diagram of calibration results

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图 13 x方向整条航迹偏差对比图

Figure 13. Contrastive diagram of deviation of the whole trajectory in x direction

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图 14 z方向整条航迹偏差对比图

Figure 14. Contrastive diagram of deviation of the whole trajectory in z direction

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图 15 航迹标定示意图

Figure 15. Schematic diagram of calibration trajectory

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图 16 x方向航迹偏差对比图

Figure 16. Contrastive diagram of trajectory deviation in x direction

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图 17 z方向航迹偏差对比图

Figure 17. Contrastive diagram of trajectory deviation in z direction

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图 18 使用标定航迹的成像结果

Figure 18. Imaging results using the calibration trajectory

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表 1 定位误差仿真参数

Table 1. Simulation parameters of location error

参数	数值
载波频率(${\rm{GHz}}$)	$30$
信号带宽(${\rm{MHz}}$)	${\rm{2}}00$
脉冲持续时间(μs)	$1$
脉冲重复频率(${\rm{Hz}}$)	$1000$
方位向天线尺寸(${\rm{m}}$)	${\rm{2}}$
平台速度(${\rm{m}}{\rm{/}}{\rm{s}}$)	$70$
斜视角(°)	$0$
目标点1坐标(${\rm{m}}$)	$(330,0,0)$
目标点2坐标(${\rm{m}}$)	$(400,0,0)$
目标点3坐标(${\rm{m}}$)	$(470,0,0)$

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表 2 ${\boldsymbol{y}} $方向定位误差

Table 2. Location error in y direction

目标点	实际定位误差	公式算得误差	两误差的偏差
目标点1 (m)	–4.5500	–4.5254	–0.0246
目标点2 (m)	–1.6100	–1.6270	0.0170
目标点3 (m)	1.3300	1.3030	0.0270

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表 3 ${\boldsymbol{x}} $方向定位误差

Table 3. Location error in x direction

目标点	实际定位误差	公式算得误差	两误差的偏差
目标点1 (m)	3.4980	3.4192	0.0788
目标点2 (m)	1.2034	1.0431	0.1603
目标点3 (m)	–0.4437	–0.6014	0.1577

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表 4 测量误差标定结果

Table 4. Calibration results of measurement error

方向	测量航迹	真实航迹	标定出的测量误差	标定航迹
x方向	${\eta ^2} - 3\eta - 1$	${\eta ^2}$	$ - 3.0161\eta - 0.6755$	${\eta ^2} + 0.0161\eta - 0.3245$
z方向	${\eta ^2} - 3\eta + 449$	${\eta ^2} + 450$	$ - 3.0113\eta - 0.7585$	${\eta ^2} + 0.0113\eta $$ + 449.7585$

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表 5 测量误差标定结果

Table 5. Calibration results of measurement error

方向	测量航迹	真实航迹	标定出的测量误差	标定航迹
x方向	${\eta ^2} - 3\eta - 1$	${\eta ^2}$	$ - 3.0161\eta - 0.{\rm{2751}}$	${\eta ^2} + 0.0161\eta - 0.{\rm{7249}}$
z方向	${\eta ^2} - 3\eta + 449$	${\eta ^2} + 450$	$ - 3.0{\rm{222}}\eta - 0.{\rm{3882}}$	${\eta ^2} + 0.0{\rm{222}}\eta $$ + 449.{\rm{3882}}$

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