光控电磁超材料研究进展

柏林; 张信歌; 蒋卫祥; 崔铁军

doi:10.12000/JR21013

光控电磁超材料研究进展

doi: 10.12000/JR21013

东南大学信息科学与工程学院毫米波国家重点实验室南京 210096

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61890544)，国家重点研发计划(2017YFA0700201)

详细信息

作者简介:
柏　林(1993–)，女，吉林辽源人，东南大学博士研究生。主要研究方向为声学超材料、声电结合超材料、光控电磁超表面等。目前已发表SCI论文8篇，其中第一作者4篇。多次参加国内外学术会议。E-mail: nustbl@163.com

张信歌(1991–)，男，河南信阳人，东南大学博士研究生，主要研究方向为电磁超表面、基于超表面的新型功能器件和通信系统。目前以第一作者身份发表了9篇SCI论文，包括1篇《Nature Electronics》、2篇《Advanced Science》等。多次在国内外学术会议上做口头报告，获第1届全国超材料大会“研究生学术新人奖”。E-mail: xinge.zhang@qq.com

蒋卫祥(1981–)，男，江苏东台人，东南大学青年首席教授、博士生导师，中国电子学会高级会员、“青年科学家”俱乐部成员、中国材料学会超材料分会理事、IEEE Senior Member。2010年于东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室博士毕业后留校任教，主要研究方向为变换光学、透镜天线及可编程超表面。在《Nature Electronics》、《Advanced Materials》等学术刊物上发表SCI论文110余篇，合作撰写英文专著、中文专著各一本，研究成果曾多次被国际学术期刊选为“研究亮点”，所发表论文被国内外同行正面引用4300余次。曾获2011年教育部自然科学一等奖(排二)，2014年国家自然科学二等奖(排三)、第十七届江苏省青年科技奖和2018年国家自然科学二等奖(排三)，获国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金资助。E-mail: wxjiang81@seu.edu.cn

崔铁军(1965–)，男，中国科学院院士，东南大学首席教授，IEEE Fellow，研究方向为电磁超材料和计算电磁学。1993年获西安电子科技大学博士学位，1995—2002年先后任职德国洪堡学者、美国UIUC博士后和研究科学家。2001年受聘东南大学长江学者特聘教授；2002年获得国家杰出青年科学基金。2014年创建信息超材料新方向。发表学术论文500余篇，被引用35000余次、H因子93(谷歌学术)。研究成果入选2010年中国科学十大进展、2016年中国光学重要成果；获2011年教育部自然科学一等奖、2014年国家自然科学二等奖、2016年军队科学技术进步一等奖、2018年国家自然科学二等奖。E-mail: tjcui@seu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
蒋卫祥 wxjiang81@seu.edu.cn

崔铁军 tjcui@seu.edu.cn

责任主编：朱卫仁 Corresponding Editor: ZHU Weiren
中图分类号: TN82
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-19
- 修回日期: 2021-03-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-28

Research Progress of Light-controlled Electromagnetic Metamaterials

State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61890544), The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0700201)

More Information

Corresponding author: JIANG Weixiang, wxjiang81@seu.edu.cn; CUI Tiejun, tjcui@seu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 电磁超材料是由亚波长尺寸单元周期或非周期排列组成的人工结构，能对电磁波的频率、幅度、相位和极化等基本物理特征进行调控，突破了传统材料的限制，可实现很多自然界不存在的有趣物理现象及应用。过去二十余年，超材料因其强大的电磁调控能力一直是物理领域的研究热点。但无源超材料在电磁波调控中存在局限性，如工作频率固定、实现功能单一等。所以，可调有源超材料越来越受关注。通过引入有源元器件，超材料的功能可通过外部激励信号进行动态调控，在实际应用中具有重要意义。目前常用的控制方式包括电控、温控、光控和机械控制等，其中光控具有可远程调控、无接触式控制、调制速度快以及结构简单等优点。该文概述了近年来光控电磁超材料的研究进展，从直流、微波、太赫兹和光频段4种不同频段分别介绍现有光控超材料和超表面的工作，重点介绍其工作机制和应用场景，并对这一快速发展领域进行总结和展望。
- 电磁超材料 /
- 有源超表面 /
- 光调控 /
- 电磁波调控 /
- 动态功能
Abstract: Electromagnetic metamaterials are artificial structures composed of a periodic or aperiodic arrangement of subwavelength unit cells and can regulate the physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves, such as their frequency, amplitude, phase, and polarization. Metamaterials overcome many limitations of traditional materials and can be used to realize interesting physical phenomena and applications that do not occur in nature. Over the past two decades, metamaterials have become a focus in the fields of physics and electronics owing to their powerful electromagnetic regulation ability. However, passive metamaterials have limitations in electromagnetic wave regulation, such as fixed operating frequency and single function. As such, increasing attention is being paid to tunable and active metamaterials. By introducing active elements, the functions of metamaterials can be dynamically regulated by external excitation signals, which is highly significant for practical applications. At present, commonly used control methods include electrical, temperature, light, and mechanical controls, among which light control has the advantages of remote and noncontact control, a fast modulation speed, and a simple structure. In this study, we summarize the latest progress in light-controlled electromagnetic metamaterial research, and introduce recent work on light-controlled metamaterials and metasurfaces in direct currents, microwaves, terahertz waves, and optics. We focus primarily on relevant operational mechanisms and application scenarios and discuss future prospects.
- Electromagnetic metamaterials /
- Active metasurfaces /
- Light-controlled /
- Electromagnetic wave control /
- Dynamic functions

HTML全文

图 1 变换静电学超材料

Figure 1. Transformation direct-current metamaterials

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图 2 SRR结构的光控超材料

Figure 2. Light-controlled metamaterials with SRR structures

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图 3 1比特光控数字编码超表面^[42]

Figure 3. 1-bit light-controlled digital coding metasurface^[42]

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图 4 光驱动可编程数字编码超表面^[43]

Figure 4. Light-driven digital metasurface for programming electromagnetic functions^[43]

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图 5 透射式光控编码超表面^[44]

Figure 5. Light-controlled transmission-type digital coding metasurface^[44]

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图 6 红外调控的可编程超表面的功能示意图^[45]

Figure 6. Illustration of the infrared-controlled programmable metasurface^[45]

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图 7 基于CW和SRR结构的EIT超材料

Figure 7. EIT metamaterials based on CW and SRR structures

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图 8 基于超材料的太赫兹光控吸收器

Figure 8. Light-controlled Terahertz absorbers based on metamaterials

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图 9 光控超材料传感器和光子自旋设备超表面

Figure 9. Light-controlled metamaterial sensor and spin-photonic devices based on metasurface

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图 10 基于GST的光控超表面^[63]

Figure 10. Optically reconfigurable metasurface based on GST^[63]

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图 11 动态颜色显示的钙钛矿纳米结构^[65]

Figure 11. Perovskite nanostructure for dynamic color display^[65]

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表 1 光控电磁超材料(超表面)特点总结表

Table 1. Summary of the characteristics of light-controlled electromagnetic metamaterials (metasurfaces)

文献	频率	光控材料	实现功能	是否有实验结果
[39]	直流	光敏电阻	隐身斗篷与可调幻象设备	是
[40]	2.20～2.23 GHz	光电二极管+变容二极管	谐振频率可调	是
[41]	3 GHz左右	光电二极管+变容二极管	波束偏折、聚焦、发散	是
[42]	3.69～4.10 GHz	光电二极管+变容二极管	主波束与波束分裂的切换	是
[43]	5.2～7.6 GHz	光电二极管+变容二极管	微波外部隐身、电磁幻觉、动态涡旋波束调控	是
[44]	3.12 GHz, 5.72 GHz	光电二极管+变容二极管	透射状态切换	是
[45]	4.1～4.5 GHz	红外接收模块+FPGA+变容二极管	主波束与波束分裂	是
[46]	0.74 THz左右	光敏材料硅	电磁诱导透明效应可调	是
[47]	1.3 THz左右	光敏材料硅	电磁诱导透明效应可调	否
[48]	4.86～5.36 THz	光敏材料硅	多种谐振模式可切换	否
[49]	1.19～2.96 THz	光敏材料砷化镓	可调多频吸波器	否
[50]	0.518～1.514 THz	光敏材料砷化镓+锗	可调多频吸波器	否
[51]	0.645～1.716 THz	光敏材料硅	谐振峰可调	否
[52]	0.67 THz左右	二氧化钒	聚焦、发散、波束分裂、涡旋波发生器	否
[56]	远红外-中红外	石墨烯	等离子体共振可调	是
[61]	近红外-可见光	锗锑碲合金	透射反射率可调	是
[63]	近红外-可见光	锗锑碲合金	聚焦透镜焦距可调	是
[65]	可见光	钙钛矿	动态色彩显示	是
[68]	190.50～196.08 THz	两束相干光	脉冲恢复、相干滤波器和光对光调制器	否

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