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A Waveform Design Method Based on Nonlinear Frequency Modulation and Space-coding for Coherent Frequency Diverse Array Radar
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摘要: 频率分集阵列(FDA)雷达通过在不同发射阵元间引入微小的载频增量，实现发射方向图在脉冲持续时间内对大尺度空域的均匀连续扫描。然而FDA雷达方向图主瓣的扫描特性，使得其在一个方位角度位置的波束驻留时间缩短，积累带宽减小，从而降低其距离分辨率。针对上述问题该文提出了一种空时域联合的FDA雷达波形设计方法，通过引入阵元间的空域相位编码显著改善了相干FDA雷达的距离分辨率，同时在时域设计一种非线性调频波形获得了更低的距离旁瓣。该文从理论上分析了该方法的有效性，并通过仿真实验证明了该波形设计方法同时具有距离向高分辨和低峰值旁瓣比的优势，具有更好的一维距离向成像性能，并分析了其对高速运动目标的观测能力。Abstract: A Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) radar achieves the uniform coverage of a large-scale airspace within a pulse duration by introducing a designed carrier frequency increment between adjacent transmitting elements. Unfortunately, the beam scanning property of an FDA radar leads to a reduction in dwell time at certain azimuth direction, which results in the deterioration of the range resolution. To solve this problem, we propose a novel coherent FDA radar waveform in the space-time domain, in which spatial phase encoding is introduced between transmitting elements to significantly improve the range resolution of a coherent FDA radar. A nonlinear frequency modulation signal is also used in the time domain to obtain a low-range Peak to SideLobe Ratio (PSLR). Simulation results verify that the proposed FDA radar waveform design realizes both a low PSLR and high range resolution. Finally, we analyze the Doppler sensitivity of our proposed method for the observation of high-speed moving targets.
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图 2 极坐标下脉冲持续时间内不同瞬时时刻FDA雷达的波束指向
Figure 2. Beam pointing of FDA radar at different instances within pulse in polar coordinates
图 3 相干FDA雷达(蓝色)和相控阵雷达(红色)的时频关系曲线
Figure 3. The time-frequency relationship of the coherent FDA radar (blue) and the phased array radar (red)
图 4 正切调频与LFM信号的频谱形状与距离自相关函数对比
Figure 4. The comparisons of spectrum shape and range auto-correlation function between Tangent FM and LFM signals
图 5 空域相位编码前后的阵列方向图和接收信号带宽对比
Figure 5. The comparisons of the array beampattern and the received signal spectrum before and after hybrid coding
图 9 脉压性能指标随
$\alpha $ 的变化曲线Figure 9. The variation curves of pulse compression performance indexes changing with
$\alpha $ 
图 11 目标高速相对运动时的脉压输出
Figure 11. Pulse compression output for moving targets with high speed
表 1 FDA雷达系统参数
Table 1. System parameters of FDA radar
信号参数 数值 系统参数 数值 载频${f_0}$ 3 GHz 阵元间距 0.05 m 带宽B 100 MHz 载频偏移量$\Delta f$ 200 kHz 脉冲宽度${T_p}$ 5 ${\rm{μs} }$ 阵元数M 13 
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