任意多次散射机理的GTD散射中心模型频率依赖因子表达

闫华; 张磊; 陆金文; 邢笑宇; 李胜; 殷红成

doi:10.12000/JR21005

任意多次散射机理的GTD散射中心模型频率依赖因子表达

DOI: 10.12000/JR21005

电磁散射重点实验室北京 100854

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0825804)

详细信息

作者简介:
闫　华(1981–)，男，博士，电磁散射重点实验室高级工程师，研究方向为雷达目标散射特性、计算电磁学、特征提取、参数化建模等

张　磊(1991–)，男，博士，电磁散射重点实验室工程师，主要研究方向为雷达目标散射特性、散射中心参数化建模、SAR目标识别等

陆金文(1994–)，男，电磁散射重点实验室博士研究生，主要研究方向为雷达目标散射特性、电磁散射参数化建模等

李　胜(1980–)，男，硕士，电磁散射重点实验室高级工程师，主要研究方向为雷达目标特征控制、特征提取等

殷红成(1967–)，男，博士，电磁散射重点实验室研究员，研究方向为雷达目标特性、计算电磁学、目标识别等

通讯作者:
闫华 yanhuabit@126.com

责任主编：朱国强 Corresponding Editor: ZHU Guoqiang
中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-11
- 修回日期: 2021-03-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-28

Frequency-dependent Factor Expression of the GTD Scattering Center Model for the Arbitrary Multiple Scattering Mechanism

Science and Technology on Electromagnetic Scattering Laboratory, Beijing 100854, China

Funds: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0825804)

More Information

Corresponding author: YAN Hua, yanhuabit@126.com

摘要

摘要: 几何绕射理论(GTD)模型是一种重要的散射中心模型，能准确描述雷达目标主要散射机理的频率依赖行为，但目前在频率依赖因子与散射机理类型之间尚未建立明确、一般的数学关系。该文从射线理论出发，结合几何光学(GO), GTD, 物理绕射理论(PTD)和驻相法(SPM)等方法，推导了理想电导体(PEC)目标任意多次散射机理的频率依赖因子数学表达式。该表达式具有简洁、统一的解析形式，指出散射中心频率依赖因子与形成散射中心的射线反射次数、射线经过的几何元素维数以及射线场焦散情况等因素有关。一系列典型组合体目标的电磁仿真与微波暗室测量数据验证了提出公式的有效性。该文提出的频率依赖因子表达可应用于正向参数化建模中频率依赖因子的正向推算。
- 散射中心模型 /
- 多次散射机理 /
- GTD模型 /
- 频率依赖因子
Abstract: This paper presents a derivation of a formula with a concise and uniform analytic form by the Stationary Phase Method (SPM) plus Geometrical Optics (GO), the Physical Theory of Diffraction (PTD), and Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) to calculate the frequency-dependent factor for the arbitrary multiple scattering mechanism, validated by the simulated and measured data of a series of canonical ensembles, validated by the simulated and measured data of a series of canonical ensembles. Although the GTD model, a scattering center model, can accurately describe the frequency-dependent characteristic of several main scattering mechanisms of the radar target, no explicit and general expression relates the frequency-dependent factor to the type of scattering mechanism. The derived formula relates the scattering center’s frequency-dependent factor with bounce times, dimensions of all the encountered geometrical elements, and a caustic type of ray contributing to the scattering center and can be applied to determine the parameter value of frequency-dependent factor of the GTD model and its derived versions in the forward parametric modeling.
- Scattering center model /
- Multiple scattering mechanism /
- GTD model /
- Frequency-dependent factor

HTML全文

图 1 圆柱-圆柱垂直组合体的RCS曲线与子带分割示意图

Figure 1. RCS curve for cylinder-cylinder orthogonal combination objects and sketch map of frequeny band splitting

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 各子带散射中心参数提取结果

Figure 2. Results of scattering center extraction for each sub-band scattering data

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 GTD模型频率依赖因子取值及其对应的散射机理类型

Table 1. The values of frequency-dependent factor of GTD model and corresponding mechanisms

频率依赖因子取值	散射机理类型
1	平板、二面角、三面角的反射
1/2	单弯曲曲面的反射
0	双弯曲曲面的反射、直边的绕射
–1/2	曲边的绕射
–1	尖顶、角的绕射

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 6种典型体尺寸参数列表

Table 2. Size parameters for 6 canonical objects

典型体名称	尺寸参数
方形平板	边长500 mm，厚度10 mm
圆柱体	(1)直径200 mm，长300 mm；(2)直径150 mm，长300 mm
球体	(1)直径100 mm；(2)直径300 mm
半圆锥体	(1)直径50 mm, 100 mm；(2)直径125 mm, 400 mm
直角四面体	(1)底边200 mm，棱边200 mm，劈角20°；(2)底边350 mm，棱边350 mm，劈角50°
圆盘	半径500 mm，厚度8 mm

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表 3 20种组合体目标及其中产生的二次反射/绕射机理的几何结构示意与频率依赖因子取值

Table 3. Types of double reflection/diffraction mechanisms, 20 combination objects, corresponding geometric diagram and theoretical values of the frequency-dependent factor

散射机理类型	组合体名称	几何示意图	理论α值
镜面反射-镜面反射	平板-平板(垂直)		1
	圆柱-平板(垂直、平行)		1/2
	球-平板		0
	圆柱-圆柱(垂直、平行)		1/2
	球-圆柱		0
	球-球		0
边缘绕射-镜面反射	直劈-平板(垂直、平行)		0
	直劈-圆柱(垂直、平行)		0
	直劈-球		–1/2
	曲劈-平板		–1/2
	曲劈-圆柱		–1/2
	曲劈-球		–1/2
边缘绕射-边缘绕射	直劈-直劈(垂直、平行)		–1/2
	曲劈-直劈		–1
	曲劈-曲劈		–1

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 基于20种组合体仿真数据的二次散射机理形成散射中心的频率依赖因子估计与理论值对比

Table 4. Comparison of theoretical frequency-dependent factor values by proposed formula and estimated ones by simulation data for scattering centers induced by double scattering from 20 combination objects

组合体名称	估计α值		理论α值	组合体名称	估计α值		理论α值
组合体名称	VV	HH	理论α值	组合体名称	VV	HH	理论α值
平板-平板(垂直)	1.0000	0.9988	1	直劈-圆柱(垂直)	0.0383	0.0028	0
圆柱-平板(垂直)	0.5011	0.4949	1/2	直劈-圆柱(平行)	2.90e-4	–4.90e-5	0
圆柱-平板(平行)	0.5015	0.5753	1/2	直劈-球	–0.5040	–0.6427	–1/2
球-平板	0.0385	–0.1048	0	曲劈-平板	–0.4957	–0.4904	–1/2
圆柱-圆柱(垂直)	0.5499	0.5034	1/2	曲劈-圆柱	–0.3976	–0.4226	–1/2
圆柱-圆柱(平行)	0.5438	0.3807	1/2	曲劈-球	–0.5909	–0.6195	–1/2
球-圆柱	–0.0616	0.0831	0	直劈-直劈(垂直)	–0.5000	–0.5000	–1/2
球-球	–0.0591	–0.0591	0	直劈-直劈(平行)	–0.5000	–0.5000	–1/2
直劈-平板(垂直)	1.68e-4	–0.0053	0	曲劈-直劈	–0.9428	–1.1978	–1
直劈-平板(平行)	–4.05e-7	–2.34e-6	0	曲劈-曲劈	–0.9428	–1.0302	–1

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表 5 基于2种组合体仿真数据的三次散射机理形成散射中心频率依赖因子估计与理论值对比

Table 5. Comparison of theoretical frequency-dependent factor values by proposed formula and estimated ones by simulation data for scattering centers induced by triple scattering from 2 combination objects

组合体名称	几何示意图	估计α值	理论α值
垂直三面角结构		0.9934	1
双顶帽结构		0.5097	1/2

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表 6 基于7种组合体暗室测量数据的二次散射机理形成散射中心的频率依赖因子估计与理论值对比

Table 6. Comparison of theoretical frequency-dependent factor values by proposed formula and estimated ones by meas urementdata in microwave anechoic chamber for scattering centers induced by double scattering from 7 combination objects

机理类型	组合体名称	几何示意图	估计α值	理论α值
边缘绕射-镜面反射	四面体-圆盘(垂直)		0.1589	0
边缘绕射-边缘绕射	四面体-四面体(垂直)		–0.4829	–1/2
边缘绕射-镜面反射	四面体-圆柱(平行)		–0.0485	0
镜面反射-镜面反射	平板-圆柱(平行)		0.5345	1/2
镜面反射-镜面反射	直二面角(垂直)		1.0314	1
镜面反射-镜面反射	圆柱-圆盘(垂直)		0.5048	1/2
镜面反射-镜面反射	双圆柱(垂直)		0.5115	1/2

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