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摘要: 随着雷达探测逐步进入强电子对抗、隐身时代，传统雷达体制在战术主动性、能量、数量方面均处于劣势。雷达亟需从探测体制方面进行创新，充分挖掘其合作式探测的主动性、充分利用信号波形的信息维度优势，才能适应未来新型防空作战。该文提出一种新的雷达体制——通信化雷达，其通过在发射信号波形中嵌入发射站动态位置、天线扫描指向、发射时刻等辅助信息，并在接收处理中提取、利用该信息进行目标检测、定位、识别、抗干扰和多目标分辨，可提升远程、隐身、强对抗条件下的雷达探测能力和战场生存力。该文从系统架构、探测原理、性能分析等方面对通信化雷达进行了阐述。Abstract: With the emergence of stealth and jamming technology, traditional radar systems are facing great challenges in terms of innovation, number, and energy. It is necessary to develop novel detection systems, explore the initiative of cooperative detection, and utilize the dimensions of information to adapt to new air defense operations in the future. In this study, a new radar system, communicational radar, is proposed. The radar detection ability under the conditions of long-range and strong confrontation can be significantly improved by embedding synchronization information such as the transmitter position, the antenna direction, and the launch time of the emission into the waveform; the embedded information can then be extracted for target detection, reorganization, interference suppression, and multi-target identification. The proposed system is illustrated from the aspects of architecture, detection principle, and performance analysis.
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图 2 通信化雷达发射站、目标、接收站的“功能”拓展
Figure 2. Definitions expansion of transmitter, target and receiver
图 4 内外层复合调制波形及其携载信息示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of inner and outer layer compound modulation waveform and the embedded information
图 8 发射时刻信息精度对GDOP的影响
Figure 8. Influence of transmitting time information precision on GDOP
表 1 通信化雷达定位所需参数及其获取方式
Table 1. Required parameters for location and their corresponding access methods
参数名称 获取方式 发射站位置$\left( { {x_{\rm{T} } },\,\;{y_{\rm{T} } },\,\;{z_{\rm{T} } } } \right)$ 信息解调 发射方位角${\theta _{\rm{T}}}$ 信息解调 接收站位置$\left( { {x_{\rm{R} } },\,\;{y_{\rm{R} } },\,\;{z_{\rm{R} } } } \right)$ 导航定位 接收方位角${\theta _{\rm{R}}}$ 阵列测角 距离和$\rho = c({t_{\rm{T}}} - {t_{\rm{R}}})$ 时延测量(接收回波到达时刻${t_{\rm{R}}}$)和信息解调(发射时刻${t_{\rm{T}}}$) 
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