合成孔径雷达干扰技术研究综述

李永祯; 黄大通; 邢世其; 王雪松

doi:10.12000/JR20087

合成孔径雷达干扰技术研究综述

DOI: 10.12000/JR20087

国防科技大学电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室长沙 410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61971429, 61901499)

详细信息

作者简介:
李永祯(1977–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化雷达与电子对抗。E-mail: e0061@sina.com

黄大通(1993–)，男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达信号处理与对抗

邢世其(1984–)，男，副研究员，主要研究方向为极化雷达成像、雷达信号处理以及合成孔径雷达对抗

王雪松(1972–)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化雷达、目标识别与电子对抗

通讯作者:
李永祯 e0061@sina.com

黄大通 huangdatong68@163.com

责任主编：周峰 Corresponding Editor: ZHOU Feng
中图分类号: TN95
计量
- 文章访问数: 7766
- HTML全文浏览量: 2800
- PDF下载量: 1270
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-30
- 修回日期: 2020-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-28

A Review of Synthetic Aperture Radar Jamming Technique

State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61971429, 61901499)

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Yongzhen, e0061@sina.com; HUANG Datong, huangdatong68@163.com

摘要

摘要: 合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种全天候、全天时、具备高分辨率的成像设备，被广泛应用于对敌侦察，为战场决策提供及时可靠的情报支持。如何压制和扰乱SAR设备的成像侦察，实现对高价值目标和要地的有效防护，已成为当前电子对抗领域的研究热难点之一。该文探讨了SAR干扰的技术进展和发展趋势，首先详细梳理了SAR干扰技术的发展脉络，然后结合仿真实验对比分析了典型SAR干扰样式的优缺点，最后总结了现有SAR干扰技术存在的不足，并指出其未来发展趋势，可为专家学者提供一定的参考。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 电子对抗 /
- 干扰样式 /
- 发展历程 /
- 未来趋势
Abstract: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an all-weather and all-time imaging radar with high resolution, which is widely used for enemy reconnaissance to provide timely and accurate intelligence for taking decisions during wars. It has become a hot issue in the contemporary electronic warfare to suppress and disorder the reconnaissance imaging of SAR equipment for protecting high-value targets and important strategic areas. This study discusses the development and future trend of SAR jamming techniques. First, the history of development of SAR jamming techniques is discussed and explained in detail. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the typical SAR jamming models are comparatively analyzed together with simulation experiments. Finally, the current defects of the SAR jamming techniques are summarized and the future trend of the SAR jamming techniques is also pointed out, providing some reference for experts and scholars.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Electronic warfare /
- Jamming model /
- Development history /
- Future trend

HTML全文

图 1 典型SAR-GMTI观测结果

Figure 1. The typical SAR-GMTI observation results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 典型SAR干扰样式

Figure 2. The typical SAR jamming models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 典型干扰样式对比分析

Table 1. The comparison of typical jamming models

干扰样式	干扰效果	所需侦察参数	优点	缺点
噪声干扰	能量压制目标回波，破坏成像质量	1.信号载频 2.信号带宽	1.侦察参数依赖小 2.应用范围广	功率需求大，易暴露干扰机位置
卷积式欺骗干扰	虚假目标或场景	1.截获SAR信号 2.平台高度 3.平台速度 4.脉冲重复频率 5.信号波长	可产生高逼真点、面欺骗和场景欺骗	1.算法计算量大，实时性较差 2.侦察参数依赖性较高
间歇采样转发干扰	距离向或方位向等间距虚假点目标串	1.截获雷达信号 2.信号时宽	1.侦察参数依赖小，实时性高 2.假目标数目和间距灵活可变 3.解决了干扰机天线收发隔离问题	1.假目标规律性强，易被识别 2.干扰时间利用率较低 3.易受占空比影响
散射波干扰	虚假点、面目标欺骗或场景压制	截获SAR信号	侦察参数依赖小，执行简单	能量利用率低，不易进入雷达主瓣
移频干扰	虚假点目标欺骗或压制条带、压制面	1.截获SAR信号 2.调频斜率 3.信号带宽	可掩护分布式面目标和大场景	侦察参数依赖性较高
运动调制干扰	方位向压制线或等间距虚假点目标串	1.截获SAR信号 2.信号载频 3.平台速度 4.平台高度	1.压制线的长度可变 2.虚假点目标的间距和数量可变	1.压制面小，难以掩护面目标 2.假目标规律性太强，易被识别
灵巧噪声干扰	压制条带、压制面或密集假目标压制	1.截获SAR信号 2.平台速度 3.信号波长 4.平台高度 5.调频斜率等	1.调制方式灵活 2.干扰效果多样	以压制效果为主，难以形成面目标和场景欺骗

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(89)

[1]	CUMMING I G and WONG F H. Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Algorithms and Implementation[M]. Boston: Artech House, 2005.
[2]	ENTZMINGER J N, FOWLER C A, and KENNEALLY W J. JointSTARS and GMTI: Past, present and future[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1999, 35(2): 748–761. doi: 10.1109/7.766956
[3]	ROSEN P A, HENSLEY S, JOUGHIN I R, et al. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2000, 88(3): 333–382. doi: 10.1109/5.838084
[4]	GOJ W W. Synthetic-Aperture Radar and Electronic Warfare[M]. Boston, M. A: Artech House, 1993.
[5]	CONDLEY C J. Some System Considerations for Electronic Countermeasures to Synthetic Aperture Radar[M]. London: Her Majestry’s Stationery Office, 1990.
[6]	梁百川. 对合成孔径雷达的干扰[J]. 上海航天, 1995, (1): 37–42, 47. LIANG Baichuan. Jamming to synthetic aperture radar[J]. Aerospace Shanghai, 1995, (1): 37–42, 47.
[7]	DUMPER K, COOPER P S, WONS A F, et al. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar and noise jamming[C]. Proceedings of Radar 97, Edinburgh, UK, 1997: 411–414.
[8]	陈宁, 张杰儒. 合成孔径雷达干扰技术研究[J]. 航天电子对抗, 1997, (4): 45–48. CHEN Ning and ZHANG Jieru. Study of synthetic aperture radar jamming technique[J]. Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 1997, (4): 45–48.
[9]	EKESTORM S R T and KAROW C. An all-digital image synthesizer for countering high-resolution radars[D]. [Master dissertation], Naval Postgraduate School, 2000.
[10]	胡东辉, 吴一戎. 合成孔径雷达散射波干扰研究[J]. 电子学报, 2002, 30(12): 1882–1884. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2002.12.040 HU Donghui and WU Yirong. The scatter-wave jamming to SAR[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2002, 30(12): 1882–1884. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2002.12.040
[11]	王盛利, 于立, 倪晋鳞, 等. 合成孔径雷达的有源欺骗干扰方法研究[J]. 电子学报, 2003, 31(12): 1900–1902. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2003.12.035 WANG Shengli, YU Li, NI Jinlin, et al. A study on the active deception jamming to SAR[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2003, 31(12): 1900–1902. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2003.12.035
[12]	李江源, 王建国, 杨建宇. 基于数字储频式的对SAR类杂波干扰[J]. 电子科技大学学报, 2005, 34(6): 739–742. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0548.2005.06.004 LI Jiangyuan, WANG Jianguo, and YANG Jianyu. Similar clutter’s jamming to SAR based on digital frequency memorizer[J]. Journal of UEST of China, 2005, 34(6): 739–742. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0548.2005.06.004
[13]	李江源. 高分辨SAR干扰机理与高效干扰方法研究[D]. [博士论文], 电子科技大学, 2007. LI Jiangyuan. Research on jamming theory and effective jamming method to high resolution SAR[D]. [Ph. D. dissertation], University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2007.
[14]	李伟, 梁甸农, 董臻. 基于欺骗式动目标的SAR干扰技术研究[J]. 遥感学报, 2006, 10(1): 71–75. doi: 10.11834/jrs.20060111 LI Wei, LIANG Diannong, and DONG Zhen. SAR jamming technique based on deceptive moving Target[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2006, 10(1): 71–75. doi: 10.11834/jrs.20060111
[15]	黄洪旭, 黄知涛, 周一宇. 对合成孔径雷达的移频干扰研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2006, 27(3): 463–468. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1328.2006.03.027 HUANG Hongxu, HUANG Zhitao, and ZHOU Yiyu. A study on the shift-frequency jamming to SAR[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2006, 27(3): 463–468. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1328.2006.03.027
[16]	黄洪旭, 黄知涛, 周一宇. 对合成孔径雷达的随机移频干扰[J]. 信号处理, 2007, 23(1): 41–45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2007.01.009 HUANG Hongxu, HUANG Zhitao, and ZHOU Yiyu. Randomly-shift-frequency jamming style to SAR[J]. Signal Processing, 2007, 23(1): 41–45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2007.01.009
[17]	黄洪旭, 黄知涛, 吴京, 等. 对合成孔径雷达的步进移频干扰[J]. 宇航学报, 2011, 32(4): 898–902. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2011.04.028 HUANG Hongxu, HUANG Zhitao, WU Jing, et al. Stepped-shift-frequency jamming to SAR[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2011, 32(4): 898–902. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2011.04.028
[18]	甘荣兵, 王建国. 对SAR的几何目标欺骗干扰的快速算法[J]. 现代雷达, 2006, 28(2): 40–42, 73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7859.2006.02.012 GAN Rongbing and WANG Jianguo. Fast generation algorithm of geometric target deceive jamming signal to SAR[J]. Modern Radar, 2006, 28(2): 40–42, 73. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7859.2006.02.012
[19]	张锡祥. 干扰合成孔径雷达的统一方程[J]. 中国电子科学研究院学报, 2006, 1(2): 107–113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5692.2006.02.001 ZHANG Xixiang. Unified jamming equation of synthetic aperture radar[J]. Journal of CAEIT, 2006, 1(2): 107–113. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5692.2006.02.001
[20]	吴晓芳, 王雪松, 卢焕章. 对SAR的间歇采样转发干扰研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2009, 30(5): 2043–2048, 2072. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2009.05.050 WU Xiaofang, WANG Xuesong, and LU Huanzhang. Study of intermittent sampling repeater jamming to SAR[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2009, 30(5): 2043–2048, 2072. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2009.05.050
[21]	王雪松, 刘建成, 张文明, 等. 间歇采样转发干扰的数学原理[J]. 中国科学E辑信息科学, 2006, 36(8): 891–901. WANG Xuesong, LIU Jiancheng, ZHANG Wenming, et al. The mathematic principle of intermittent sampling repeater jamming[J]. Science in China Series E Information Sciences, 2006, 36(8): 891–901.
[22]	吴晓芳. SAR-GMTI运动调制干扰技术研究[D]. [博士论文], 国防科学技术大学, 2009. WU Xiaofang. Study on motion modulation jamming techniques against SAR-GMTI[D]. [Ph. D. dissertation], National University of Defense Technology, 2009.
[23]	沈爱国, 姜秋喜. 基于复卷积的超宽带SAR干扰技术[J]. 中国电子科学研究院学报, 2009, 4(3): 278–282. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5692.2009.03.009 SHEN Aiguo and JIANG Qiuxi. UWB SAR jamming technique based on complex convolution[J]. Journal of CAEIT, 2009, 4(3): 278–282. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5692.2009.03.009
[24]	吴晓芳, 代大海, 王雪松, 等. SAR方位向多普勒调制干扰[J]. 现代雷达, 2010, 32(10): 55–60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7859.2010.10.013 WU Xiaofang, DAI Dahai, WANG Xuesong, et al. Doppler modulation jamming in azimuth to SAR[J]. Modern Radar, 2010, 32(10): 55–60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7859.2010.10.013
[25]	吴晓芳, 柏仲干, 代大海, 等. 对SAR的方位向间歇采样转发干扰[J]. 信号处理, 2010, 26(1): 1–6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2010.01.001 WU Xiaofang, BAI Zhonggan, DAI Dahai, et al. Azimuth intermittent sampling repeater jamming to SAR[J]. Signal Processing, 2010, 26(1): 1–6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2010.01.001
[26]	LV Bo. Simulation study of noise convolution jamming countering to SAR[C]. 2010 International Conference On Computer Design And Applications, Qinhuangdao, China, 2010: V4-130–V4-133.
[27]	YE Wei, RUAN Hang, ZHANG Shuxian, et al. Study of noise jamming based on convolution modulation to SAR[C]. 2010 International Conference on Computer, Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering, Changchun, China, 2010: 169–172.
[28]	WANG Hui, ZHANG Shunsheng, WANG Wenqin, et al. Multi-scene deception jamming on SAR imaging with FDA antenna[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 7058–7069. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963042
[29]	HUANG Bang, WANG Wenqin, ZHANG Shunsheng, et al. A novel approach for spaceborne SAR scattered-wave deception jamming using frequency diverse array[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2020, 17(9): 1568–1572. doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2019.2950454
[30]	陈思伟, 代大海, 李永祯, 等. SAR二维余弦调相转发散射波干扰原理[J]. 电子学报, 2009, 37(12): 2620–2625. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2009.12.003 CHEN Siwei, DAI Dahai, LI Yongzhen, et al. The theory of 2-D cosinusoidal phase-modulated repeater scatter-wave jamming to SAR[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2009, 37(12): 2620–2625. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2009.12.003
[31]	房明星, 王杰贵. 卷积调制的SAR雷达二维间歇采样转发干扰技术[J]. 火力与指挥控制, 2014, 39(7): 59–62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2014.07.015 FANG Mingxing and WANG Jiegui. 2-D intermittent sampling repeater jamming to SAR based on convolution modulation[J]. Fire Control &Command Control, 2014, 39(7): 59–62. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0640.2014.07.015
[32]	董春曦, 畅鑫. 对SAR的二维多普勒移频间歇采样干扰[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2017, 44(2): 178–184. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.02.030 DONG Chunxi and CHANG Xin. 2-D Doppler shift-frequency intermittent sampling jamming against SAR[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2017, 44(2): 178–184. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2400.2017.02.030
[33]	贾鑫, 胡华超, 吴金亮, 等. SAR二维间歇采样转发干扰研究[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2011, 27(5): 29–31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2011.05.010 JIA Xin, HU Huachao, WU Jinliang, et al. 2-D interrupted-sampling repeater jamming against SAR[J]. Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2011, 27(5): 29–31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2011.05.010
[34]	胡华超, 贾鑫, 吴彦鸿, 等. SAR二维间歇采样转发散射波干扰研究[J]. 装备指挥技术学院学报, 2012, 23(1): 94–97. HU Huachao, JIA Xin, WU Yanhong, et al. Research on the theory of 2-D interrupted sampling repeater scatter-wave jamming to SAR[J]. Journal of the Academy of Equipment Command &Technology, 2012, 23(1): 94–97.
[35]	罗强, 朱守保, 闫常浩, 等. 一种SAR压制干扰区域扩展的方法改进[J]. 电子设计工程, 2011, 19(13): 1–3. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6236.2011.13.001 LUO Qiang, ZHU Shoubao, YAN Changhao, et al. A new method on expanding barrage jamming area to SAR[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2011, 19(13): 1–3. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6236.2011.13.001
[36]	朱守保, 罗强, 童创明. 一种复合的SAR压制干扰方法研究[J]. 飞行器测控学报, 2011, 30(6): 91–94. ZHU Shoubao, LUO Qiang, and TONG Chuangming. A composite SAR barrage jamming method[J]. Journal of Spacecraft TT &C Technology, 2011, 30(6): 91–94.
[37]	朱守保, 罗强, 童创明. SAR压制干扰二维扩展方法的研究[J]. 火控雷达技术, 2011, 40(3): 42–46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8652.2011.03.009 ZHU Shoubao, LUO Qiang, and TONG Chuangming. Study on a method of 2-D expending barrage jamming against SAR[J]. Fire Control Radar Technology, 2011, 40(3): 42–46. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-8652.2011.03.009
[38]	LIN Xiaohong, LIU Peiguo, and XUE Guoyi. Fast generation of SAR deceptive jamming signal based on inverse Range Doppler algorithm[C]. IET International Radar Conference 2013, Xi’an, China, 2013: 1–4,
[39]	LIU Yongcai, WANG Wei, PAN Xiaoyi, et al. Inverse omega-k algorithm for the electromagnetic deception of synthetic aperture radar[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2016, 9(7): 3037–3049. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2543961
[40]	LIU Yongcai, WANG Wei, PAN Xiaoyi, et al. A frequency-domain three-stage algorithm for active deception jamming against synthetic aperture radar[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2014, 8(6): 639–646. doi: 10.1049/iet-rsn.2013.0222
[41]	刘永才. 基于卷积调制的SAR有源欺骗干扰技术[D]. [硕士论文], 国防科技大学, 2013. LIU Yongcai. Active deceptive jamming against SAR based on convolutional modulation[D]. [Master dissertation], National University of Defense Technology, 2013.
[42]	孙光才, 周峰, 邢孟道, 等. 虚假场景SAR欺骗式干扰技术及实时性分析[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2009, 36(5): 813–818. SUN Guangcai, ZHOU Feng, XING Mengdao, et al. Deception-jamming technology against the SAR based on the deceptive scene and real-time analyses[J]. Journal of Xidian University, 2009, 36(5): 813–818.
[43]	ZHOU Feng, ZHAO Bo, TAO Mingliang, et al. A large scene deceptive jamming method for space-borne SAR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2013, 51(8): 4486–4495. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2259178
[44]	CHANG Xin, DONG Chunxi, TANG Zhengzhao, et al. Mosaic scene deception jamming based on 2D separation modulation against SAR[J]. IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, 2019, 13(2): 310–315.
[45]	SUN Qingyang, SHU Ting, ZHOU Shicheng, et al. A novel jamming signal generation method for deceptive SAR jammer[C]. 2014 IEEE Radar Conference, Cincinnati, USA, 2014: 1174–1178.
[46]	YANG Kaizhi, YE Wei, MA Fangfang, et al. A large-scene deceptive jamming method for space-borne SAR based on time-delay and frequency-shift with template segmentation[J]. Remote Sensing, 2020, 12(1): 53. doi: 10.20944/preprints201911.0340.v1
[47]	刘庆富. 对SAR/InSAR侦察与干扰方法研究[D]. [博士论文], 国防科技大学, 2013. LIU Qingfu. Study on reconnaissance and jamming methods against SAR/InSAR[D]. [Ph. D. dissertation], National University of Defense Technology, 2013.
[48]	ZHOU Feng, TIAN Tian, ZHAO Bo, et al. Deception against near-field synthetic aperture radar using networked jammers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019, 55(6): 3365–3377. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2019.2906414
[49]	ZHAO Bo, HUANG Lei, ZHOU Feng, et al. Performance improvement of deception jamming against SAR based on minimum condition number[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2017, 10(3): 1039–1055. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2614957
[50]	ZHAO Bo, ZHOU Feng, and BAO Zheng. Deception jamming for squint SAR based on multiple receivers[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015, 8(8): 3988–3998. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2322612
[51]	SUN Qingyang, SHU Ting, TANG Bin, et al. Target deception jamming method against spaceborne synthetic aperture radar using electromagnetic scattering[J]. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2018, 12(1): 016033.
[52]	马德娇, 张晓玲, 余檑, 等. 基于主动式阴影消除的SAR欺骗式干扰[C]. 第四届高分辨率对地观测学术年会论文集, 武汉, 2017: 1–12. MA Dejiao, ZHANG Xiaoling, YU Lei, et al. SAR deception jamming based on active shadow elimination[C]. The Fourth Annual Meeting of High Resolution Earth Observation, Wuhan, China, 2017: 1–12.
[53]	赵明明. 基于SAR目标特征的欺骗式干扰技术研究[D]. [硕士论文], 电子科技大学, 2019. ZHAO Mingming. Research on deceptive jamming technology based on SAR target characteristics[D]. [Master dissertation], University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2019.
[54]	卢庆林, 叶伟, 李国靖. 基于DCGAN的SAR虚假目标图像仿真[J]. 电子信息对抗技术, 2020, 35(2): 57–61, 65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2230.2020.02.014 LU Qinglin, YE Wei, and LI Guojing. Deceptive target SAR image simulation based on deep convolutional generative adversarial network[J]. Electronic Information Warfare Technology, 2020, 35(2): 57–61, 65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2230.2020.02.014
[55]	FAN Weiwei, ZHOU Feng, ZHANG Zijing, et al. Deceptive jamming template synthesis for SAR based on generative adversarial nets[J]. Signal Processing, 2020, 172: 107528. doi: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2020.107528
[56]	杨伟宏, 陈永光, 王涛. 对波形捷变SAR的间歇采样快/慢时间调制干扰[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2012, 34(12): 2456–2462. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2012.12.09 YANG Weihong, CHEN Yongguang, and WANG Tao. Intermittent sampling jamming against waveform agile SAR modulated in fast or slow time[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2012, 34(12): 2456–2462. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-506X.2012.12.09
[57]	杨伟宏, 刘进, 王涛. SAR间歇采样散射波干扰[J]. 宇航学报, 2012, 33(3): 367–373. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2012.03.013 YANG Weihong, LIU Jin, and WANG Tao. Intermittent sampling scatter-wave jamming against SAR[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2012, 33(3): 367–373. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2012.03.013
[58]	YANG Weihong and CHEN Y G. The variable intermittent sampling repeater jamming against waveform agile SAR[C]. The 2015 International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering, Phuket Island, Thailand, 2015. doi: rog/10.2991.eame-.
[59]	张静克, 代大海, 邢世其, 等. 调频斜率极性捷变SAR欠采样转发干扰[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2016, 38(4): 96–102. doi: 10.11887/j.cn.201604015 ZHANG Jingke, DAI Dahai, XING Shiqi, et al. Repeater jamming against chirp rate polarity jittered SAR based on sub-Nyquist sampling[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2016, 38(4): 96–102. doi: 10.11887/j.cn.201604015
[60]	张静克, 戚宗锋, 胡明明, 等. 对CRPJ-SAR间歇采样散射波转发干扰效果分析[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2019, 35(1): 7–10, 39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2019.01.002 ZHANG Jingke, QI Zongfeng, HU Mingming, et al. Effect of intermittent sampling scatter-wave repeater jamming against chirp rate polarity jittered SAR[J]. Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2019, 35(1): 7–10, 39. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2019.01.002
[61]	LIU Lixin, XING Shiqi, PANG Bo, et al. A time-frequency cross-product modulation deceptive targets generation based on interrupted sampling against WA-SAR[C]. 2019 International Symposium on Signal Processing Systems, Beijing, China, 2019: 15–20.
[62]	吴晓芳, 王雪松, 梁景修. SAR-GMTI高逼真匀速运动假目标调制干扰方法[J]. 宇航学报, 2012, 33(10): 1472–1479. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2012.10.016 WU Xiaofang, WANG Xuesong, and LIANG Jingxiu. Modulation jamming method for high-vivid false uniformly-moving targets against SAR-GMTI[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2012, 33(10): 1472–1479. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2012.10.016
[63]	吴晓芳, 梁景修, 王雪松, 等. SAR-GMTI匀加速运动假目标有源调制干扰方法[J]. 宇航学报, 2012, 33(6): 761–768. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2012.06.011 WU Xiaofang, LIANG Jingxiu, WANG Xuesong, et al. Modulation jamming method of active false uniformly-accelerating targets against SAR-GMTI[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2012, 33(6): 761–768. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2012.06.011
[64]	吴晓芳, 代大海, 王雪松, 等. 基于微动调制的SAR新型有源干扰方法[J]. 电子学报, 2010, 38(4): 954–959. WU Xiaofang, DAI Dahai, WANG Xuesong, et al. A novel method of active jamming for SAR based on micro motion modulation[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2010, 38(4): 954–959.
[65]	张静克, 汪亚, 戚宗锋, 等. 多通道SAR-GMTI虚假运动目标成像特性分析[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2018, 34(5): 9–13, 33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2018.05.003 ZHANG Jingke, WANG Ya, QI Zongfeng, et al. Image characteristic analysis of deceptive moving target in multi-channel SAR-GMTI[J]. Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2018, 34(5): 9–13, 33. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-2421.2018.05.003
[66]	SUN Qingyang, SHU Ting, YU K, et al. A novel deceptive jamming method against two-channel SAR-GMTI based on two jammers[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2019, 19(14): 5600–5610. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2908030
[67]	SUN Qingyang, SHU Ting, YU K, et al. Efficient deceptive jamming method of static and moving targets against SAR[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2018, 18(9): 3610–3618. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2813521
[68]	CHANG Xin and DONG Chunxi. A barrage noise jamming method based on double jammers against three channel SAR GMTI[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 18755–18763. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2897043
[69]	周阳, 毕大平, 房明星, 等. 对SAR-GMTI的运动调制-步进移频复合干扰[J]. 信号处理, 2016, 32(12): 1468–1477. doi: 10.16798/j.issn.1003-0530.2016.12.012 ZHOU Yang, BI Daping, FANG Mingxing, et al. A motion modulated and step frequency shifting compound interference to SAR-GMTI[J]. Journal of Signal Processing, 2016, 32(12): 1468–1477. doi: 10.16798/j.issn.1003-0530.2016.12.012
[70]	周阳, 毕大平, 房明星, 等. 对SAR-GMTI的灵巧遮蔽干扰方法研究[J]. 现代雷达, 2016, 38(9): 79–85, 91. doi: 10.16592/j.cnki.1004-7859.2016.09.017 ZHOU Yang, BI Daping, FANG Mingxing, et al. A smart area shading jamming method for SAR-GMTI[J]. Modern Radar, 2016, 38(9): 79–85, 91. doi: 10.16592/j.cnki.1004-7859.2016.09.017
[71]	周阳, 毕大平, 沈爱国, 等. 对合成孔径雷达的运动调制间歇采样干扰方法[J]. 探测与控制学报, 2017, 39(3): 112–117. ZHOU Yang, BI Daping, SHEN Aiguo, et al. Motion modulation intermittent sampling repeater jamming against SAR[J]. Journal of Detection &Control, 2017, 39(3): 112–117.
[72]	周阳, 毕大平, 沈爱国, 等. 基于运动调制的SAR-GMTI间歇采样遮蔽干扰方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(4): 359–367. doi: 10.12000/JR16075 ZHOU Yang, BI Daping, SHEN Aiguo, et al. Intermittent sampling repeater shading jamming method based on motion modulation for SAR-GMTI[J]. Journal of Radars, 2017, 6(4): 359–367. doi: 10.12000/JR16075
[73]	房明星, 毕大平, 沈爱国. 多通道SAR-GMTI二维余弦调相散射波干扰[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2018, 52(3): 356–364. doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2018.03.015 FANG Mingxing, BI Daping, and SHEN Aiguo. 2-D cosinusoidal phase-modulated scatter-wave jamming to multi-channel SAR-GMTI[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2018, 52(3): 356–364. doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2018.03.015
[74]	周阳, 毕大平, 沈爱国. 基于运动调制的SAR-GMTI余弦调相间歇采样假目标干扰[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2018, 38(2): 150–154, 160. ZHOU Yang, BI Daping, and SHEN Aiguo. A cosinusoidal phase-modulated intermittent sampling false targets jamming method to SAR-GMTI based on motion modulation[J]. Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance, 2018, 38(2): 150–154, 160.
[75]	刘业民, 刘忠, 代大海, 等. 基于微动调制的SAR新型复合有源干扰方法[J]. 现代防御技术, 2011, 39(4): 84–89, 117. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2011.04.018 LIU Yemin, LIU Zhong, DAI Dahai, et al. Novel method of composite active jamming for SAR based on micro-motion modulation[J]. Modern Defence Technology, 2011, 39(4): 84–89, 117. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-086x.2011.04.018
[76]	刘业民, 刘忠, 代大海, 等. 基于微动调制的间歇采样转发干扰研究[J]. 宇航学报, 2011, 32(11): 2417–2424. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2011.11.017 LIU Yemin, LIU Zhong, DAI Dahai, et al. Micro motion modulation-based intermissive sampling and repeating jamming method[J]. Journal of Astronautics, 2011, 32(11): 2417–2424. doi: 10.3873/j.issn.1000-1328.2011.11.017
[77]	降佳伟, 吴彦鸿, 王宏艳, 等. 一种对SAR-GMTI的密集假目标干扰技术[J]. 舰船电子对抗, 2016, 39(1): 9–14, 88. JIANG Jiawei, WU Yanhong, WANG Hongyan, et al. A dense false target jamming technique against SAR-GMTI[J]. Shipboard Electronic Countermeasure, 2016, 39(1): 9–14, 88.
[78]	张静克, 代大海, 邢世其, 等. 基于微动调制的InSAR有源干扰方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2014, 36(4): 661–666. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.i001-506X.2014.04.09 ZHANG Jingke, DAI Dahai, XING Shiqi, et al. Active jamming method for InSAR based on micro motion modulation[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2014, 36(4): 661–666. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.i001-506X.2014.04.09
[79]	黄龙, 董春曦, 赵国庆, 等. 多干扰机InSAR欺骗干扰方法[J]. 航空学报, 2014, 35(6): 1714–1723. doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0434 HUANG Long, DONG Chunxi, ZHAO Guoqing, et al. InSAR deception jamming method based on multiple jammers[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2014, 35(6): 1714–1723. doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2013.0434
[80]	WU Zhefeng, XU Huaping, LI Jingwen, et al. Research of 3-D deceptive interfering method for single-pass spaceborne InSAR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2015, 51(4): 2834–2846. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2015.140325
[81]	唐波. 干扰机运动对SAR方位双通道抑制的影响[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2009, 7(1): 40–45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2009.01.008 TANG Bo. Effect of jammer motion on SAR dual-channel cancellation in azimuth[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2009, 7(1): 40–45. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2337.2009.01.008
[82]	黄龙, 董春曦, 赵国庆. 利用多干扰机对抗SAR双通道干扰对消技术的研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2014, 36(4): 903–907. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1146.2013.00887 HUANG Long, DONG Chunxi, and ZHAO Guoqing. Investigation on countermeasure against SAR dual-channel cancellation technique with multi-jammers[J]. Journal of Electronics &Information Technology, 2014, 36(4): 903–907. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1146.2013.00887
[83]	黄龙, 董春曦, 沈志博, 等. 多天线干扰机对抗InSAR双通道干扰对消的研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2015, 37(4): 913–918. doi: 10.11999/JEIT140769 HUANG Long, DONG Chunxi, SHEN Zhibo, et al. Investigation on countermeasure against InSAR dual-channel cancellation technique with multi-antenna jammer[J]. Journal of Electronics &Information Technology, 2015, 37(4): 913–918. doi: 10.11999/JEIT140769
[84]	张云鹏, 毕大平, 房明星, 等. 对SAR双通道对消的方位向间歇采样散射波干扰[J]. 电子学报, 2018, 46(12): 2832–2839. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2018.12.003 ZHANG Yunpeng, BI Daping, FANG Mingxing, et al. Azimuth intermittent sampling scatter-wave jamming against SAR dual-channel cancellation[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2018, 46(12): 2832–2839. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2018.12.003
[85]	张云鹏, 毕大平, 周阳, 等. 余弦调相散射波干扰对SAR双通道对消干扰抑制的影响[J]. 遥感学报, 2019, 23(1): 99–107. doi: 10.11834/jrs.20197114 ZHANG Yunpeng, BI Daping, ZHOU Yang, et al. Effect of cosinusoidal phase-modulated scatter-wave jamming to the jamming suppression of SAR dual-channel cancellation[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2019, 23(1): 99–107. doi: 10.11834/jrs.20197114
[86]	SCHEHER D C. Electronic Warfare in the Information Age[M]. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2000.
[87]	吴晓芳, 代大海, 王雪松, 等. 合成孔径雷达电子对抗技术综述[J]. 信号处理, 2010, 26(3): 424–435. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2010.03.017 WU Xiaofang, DAI Dahai, WANG Xuesong, et al. Review of synthetic aperture radar electronic countermeasures[J]. Signal Processing, 2010, 26(3): 424–435. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0530.2010.03.017
[88]	刘玉玲. SAR有源假目标精确位置欺骗干扰技术研究[D]. [硕士论文], 国防科学技术大学, 2012. LIU Yuling. Research on SAR precisely position deception jamming[D]. [Master dissertation], National University of Defense Technology, 2012.
[89]	黄岩, 赵博, 陶明亮, 等. 合成孔径雷达抗干扰技术综述[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9(1): 86–106. doi: 10.12000/JR19113 HUANG Yan, ZHAO Bo, TAO Mingliang, et al. Review of synthetic aperture radar interference suppression[J]. Journal of Radars, 2020, 9(1): 86–106. doi: 10.12000/JR19113