合成孔径雷达干扰技术研究综述

李永祯; 黄大通; 邢世其; 王雪松

doi:10.12000/JR20087

合成孔径雷达干扰技术研究综述

doi: 10.12000/JR20087

国防科技大学电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室长沙 410073

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61971429, 61901499)

详细信息

作者简介:
李永祯(1977–)，男，研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化雷达与电子对抗。E-mail: e0061@sina.com

黄大通(1993–)，男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为合成孔径雷达信号处理与对抗

邢世其(1984–)，男，副研究员，主要研究方向为极化雷达成像、雷达信号处理以及合成孔径雷达对抗

王雪松(1972–)，男，教授，博士生导师，主要研究方向为极化雷达、目标识别与电子对抗

通讯作者:
李永祯 e0061@sina.com

黄大通 huangdatong68@163.com

责任主编：周峰 Corresponding Editor: ZHOU Feng
中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-30
- 修回日期: 2020-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-28

A Review of Synthetic Aperture Radar Jamming Technique

State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61971429, 61901499)

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Yongzhen, e0061@sina.com; HUANG Datong, huangdatong68@163.com

摘要

摘要: 合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种全天候、全天时、具备高分辨率的成像设备，被广泛应用于对敌侦察，为战场决策提供及时可靠的情报支持。如何压制和扰乱SAR设备的成像侦察，实现对高价值目标和要地的有效防护，已成为当前电子对抗领域的研究热难点之一。该文探讨了SAR干扰的技术进展和发展趋势，首先详细梳理了SAR干扰技术的发展脉络，然后结合仿真实验对比分析了典型SAR干扰样式的优缺点，最后总结了现有SAR干扰技术存在的不足，并指出其未来发展趋势，可为专家学者提供一定的参考。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 电子对抗 /
- 干扰样式 /
- 发展历程 /
- 未来趋势
Abstract: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an all-weather and all-time imaging radar with high resolution, which is widely used for enemy reconnaissance to provide timely and accurate intelligence for taking decisions during wars. It has become a hot issue in the contemporary electronic warfare to suppress and disorder the reconnaissance imaging of SAR equipment for protecting high-value targets and important strategic areas. This study discusses the development and future trend of SAR jamming techniques. First, the history of development of SAR jamming techniques is discussed and explained in detail. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of the typical SAR jamming models are comparatively analyzed together with simulation experiments. Finally, the current defects of the SAR jamming techniques are summarized and the future trend of the SAR jamming techniques is also pointed out, providing some reference for experts and scholars.
- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Electronic warfare /
- Jamming model /
- Development history /
- Future trend

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图 1 典型SAR-GMTI观测结果

Figure 1. The typical SAR-GMTI observation results

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图 2 典型SAR干扰样式

Figure 2. The typical SAR jamming models

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 典型干扰样式对比分析

Table 1. The comparison of typical jamming models

干扰样式	干扰效果	所需侦察参数	优点	缺点
噪声干扰	能量压制目标回波，破坏成像质量	1.信号载频 2.信号带宽	1.侦察参数依赖小 2.应用范围广	功率需求大，易暴露干扰机位置
卷积式欺骗干扰	虚假目标或场景	1.截获SAR信号 2.平台高度 3.平台速度 4.脉冲重复频率 5.信号波长	可产生高逼真点、面欺骗和场景欺骗	1.算法计算量大，实时性较差 2.侦察参数依赖性较高
间歇采样转发干扰	距离向或方位向等间距虚假点目标串	1.截获雷达信号 2.信号时宽	1.侦察参数依赖小，实时性高 2.假目标数目和间距灵活可变 3.解决了干扰机天线收发隔离问题	1.假目标规律性强，易被识别 2.干扰时间利用率较低 3.易受占空比影响
散射波干扰	虚假点、面目标欺骗或场景压制	截获SAR信号	侦察参数依赖小，执行简单	能量利用率低，不易进入雷达主瓣
移频干扰	虚假点目标欺骗或压制条带、压制面	1.截获SAR信号 2.调频斜率 3.信号带宽	可掩护分布式面目标和大场景	侦察参数依赖性较高
运动调制干扰	方位向压制线或等间距虚假点目标串	1.截获SAR信号 2.信号载频 3.平台速度 4.平台高度	1.压制线的长度可变 2.虚假点目标的间距和数量可变	1.压制面小，难以掩护面目标 2.假目标规律性太强，易被识别
灵巧噪声干扰	压制条带、压制面或密集假目标压制	1.截获SAR信号 2.平台速度 3.信号波长 4.平台高度 5.调频斜率等	1.调制方式灵活 2.干扰效果多样	以压制效果为主，难以形成面目标和场景欺骗

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