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摘要: 多目标跟踪(MTT)是雷达数据处理领域的难点。相较于一般场景，海上多目标跟踪(MMTT)面临的挑战更大。一方面，复杂的海洋环境和较低的信杂比使得海面小型目标的检测性能受限，检测得到的点迹存在漏检并包含大量虚警，导致多目标跟踪处理的难度大大增加；另一方面，当海面目标以多群形式编队运动，或采用高分辨率雷达对海探测时，目标量测容易呈现跨单元分布的特征，这种情况下，采用常规的多目标跟踪方法效果不理想。目前，国内外关于海上多目标跟踪方面的研究文献还不多，且大都侧重于单一情形。该文从常规多目标跟踪方法、幅度信息辅助的多目标跟踪方法、多目标检测前跟踪方法以及多扩展目标跟踪方法等4个方面对海上多目标跟踪技术进行了梳理，并对海上多目标跟踪的未来发展方向进行了展望。Abstract: Multi-Target Tracking (MTT) is a difficult task in radar data processing. When compared to tracking in various fields or scenario, Maritime MTT (MMTT) is a challenging one and also a daunting task. On one hand, low signal-to-clutter ratio in the highly complex marine environment limits the detection performance for small targets at sea, and the plots obtained by the detector contain missing detections and a large number of false alarms, which make MTT much more difficult. On the other hand, when marine targets are moving in the form of multiple groups, or when the high resolution radar is used in marine detection applications, the measurements of the target pave the way to show efficiently the distribution characteristics of occupying multiple cells. In this case, using of conventional MTT methods is not ideal as their performance is not effective as desired. Currently, the number of papers on MMTT at home and abroad is very limited, and most of them only focus on a single target. This paper summarizes the use of MMTT algorithms based on four methods: conventional MTT method, amplitude aided MTT method, multi-target track-before-detect method, and multiple extended target-tracking method. In addition, this paper also considers and analyzes the future perspective of MMTT comprehensively.
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