多方位角观测星载SAR技术研究

陈杰; 杨威; 王鹏波; 曾虹程; 门志荣; 李春升

doi:10.12000/JR20015

多方位角观测星载SAR技术研究

DOI: 10.12000/JR20015

北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院北京 100191

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61861136008, 61701012)

详细信息

作者简介:
陈　杰(1973–)，男，河南郑州人，博士，教授。2002年在北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院获博士学位，现为北京航空航天大学教授。主要研究方向包括：高分辨率宽覆盖星载SAR成像探测机理、超高分辨率星载SAR成像理论与方法、星载SAR电离层效应精细补偿等。发表SCI论文近60篇，授权发明专利30余项。曾获得军队科技进步一等奖1项、国防科技进步二等奖1项、霍英东青年教师奖等。E-mail: chenjie@buaa.edu.cn

杨　威(1983–)，男，湖北宜昌人，博士，副教授。北京航空航天大学，信号与信息处理专业，主要从事星载SAR高分辨率雷达信号仿真与成像技术、新体制雷达技术的研究。E-mail: yangweigigi@buaa.edu.cn

王鹏波(1979–)，男，江西波阳人，副教授。研究方向为新体制合成孔径雷达成像，高分辨率雷达成像处理技术，多元信息融合技术。E-mail: wangpb7966@buaa.edu.cn

曾虹程(1989–)，男，四川宣汉人，博士，讲师。2016年在北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院获博士学位，现为北京航空航天大学讲师。主要研究星载SAR成像处理、外辐射源雷达运动目标探测、星载SAR闪烁补偿等。发表SCI论文6篇，授权发明专利7项。E-mail: zenghongcheng@buaa.edu.cn

门志荣(1988–)，男，山东莱西人，博士，北京航空航天大学，信号与信息处理专业，主要从事新体制成像雷达系统设计和仿真技术等方面的研究工作。E-mail: menzhirong@buaa.edu.cn

李春升(1963–)，男，天津人，北京航空航天大学教授，博士生导师，主要从事星载SAR系统总体与仿真、多源遥感图像信息融合、信息获取与处理等方面的研究工作。E-mail: lichunsheng@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
杨威 yangweigigi@buaa.edu.cn

李春升 lichunsheng@buaa.edu.cn

责任主编：王宇 Corresponding Editor: WANG Yu
中图分类号: TN957
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-03-09
- 修回日期: 2020-04-27
- 网络出版日期: 2020-04-01

Review of Novel Azimuthal Multi-angle Observation Spaceborne SAR Technique

School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(61861136008, 61701012)

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Wei, yangweigigi@buaa.edu.cn; LI Chunsheng, lichunsheng@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 该文针对多方位角观测星载SAR新技术进行综述。首先分析了当前国内外SAR卫星发展现状和趋势，并从多个角度对比综述了其对地观测的能力。在此基础上，结合当前应用需求对多方位角观测星载SAR工作新模式进行了综述，解析其工作机理，并结合试验结果总结分析了多方位角观测星载SAR在目标散射信息、几何信息和运动信息获取方面的优势。最后，对多方位角观测星载SAR技术的发展进行了总结和展望。
- 星载合成孔径雷达 /
- 多方位角 /
- 工作模式 /
- 信息获取
Abstract: This paper reviews the novel azimuthal multi-angle spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technique. First, the development status and trend of SAR satellites are analyzed, and their observation capacities are compared considering different aspects. Furthermore, the novel azimuthal multi-angle observation SAR imaging modes are presented based on the application requirements, and the imaging mechanism is analyzed in detail. Moreover, the advantages of the azimuthal multi-angle observation spaceborne SAR system for obtaining full scattering information, geometry information, and motion information of ground targets are analyzed. Detailed conclusions are provided, and experiment results are presented. Finally, the azimuthal multi-angle observation spaceborne SAR technique is summarized, and its prospects are highlighted.
- Spaceborne SAR /
- Azimuthal multi-angles /
- Imaging mode /
- Information acquisition

HTML全文

图 1 镶嵌模式工作示意图

Figure 1. Illustration of mosaic mode

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图 2 WorldSAR星座工作示意图

Figure 2. Illustration of WorldSAR constellation

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图 3 SAR-lupe卫星星座

Figure 3. Illustration of SAR-lupe constellation

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图 4 Capella卫星星座构成示意图

Figure 4. Illustration of Capella constellation

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图 5 斜距随扫描角度变化曲线

Figure 5. Slant range varying with squint angle

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图 6 回波窗数据接收示意图

Figure 6. Illustration of the receive window

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图 7 固定脉冲间隔与方位非均匀采样体制下脉冲发射与回波接收示意图

Figure 7. Illustration of receiving signal for uniform and non-uniform sampling strategy

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图 8 点阵目标场景回波信号仿真结果

Figure 8. Echo data of point targets using uniform and non-uniform sampling

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图 9 星载SAR多方位角观测

Figure 9. Illustrations of azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 10 多方位角观测动目标检测、跟踪模式

Figure 10. Movingt target detection mode based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 11 速度矢量提取流程图

Figure 11. The flowchart of velocity vector estimation

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图 12 方位向速度估计流程图

Figure 12. The flowchart of azimuth velocity estimation

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图 13 距离向速度估计流程图

Figure 13. The flowchart of range velocity estimation

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图 14 多角度动目标序贯图像(高铁)

Figure 14. Azimuthal multi-angles SAR images (high-speed railway)

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图 15 多方位角观测SAR图像斑点噪声抑制流程图

Figure 15. The flowchart for speckle noise suppression based on azimuthal multi-angles SAR images

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图 16 滤波处理结果

Figure 16. Filtering results

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图 17 斜视条件下旁瓣抑制处理流程

Figure 17. The flowchart for sidelobe suppression in squint

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图 18 斜视条件下旁瓣抑制处理试验结果

Figure 18. Sidelobe suppression results

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图 19 多方位角观测星载SAR信噪比提升流程图

Figure 19. The flowchart of SNR improvement based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 20 多方位角观测SAR图像目标信噪比提升

Figure 20. SNR improvement result based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 21 多方位角观测SAR超分辨率处理结果

Figure 21. Super-resolution processing result based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 22 几何观测模型

Figure 22. Geometric observation model

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图 23 多方位角SAR图像配准流程图

Figure 23. The flowchart of image registration based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 24 立体定位仿真结果示意图

Figure 24. Three dimension location results

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图 25 多方位角观测星载SAR三维成像处理流程

Figure 25. The flowchart of three dimension imaging based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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图 26 多方位角观测SAR三维成像仿真结果示意图

Figure 26. Three dimension imaging result based on azimuthal multi-angles observation

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表 1 辐射分辨率分析结果

Table 1. Radiation resolution analysis results

等效视数辐射分辨率(dB)

原图 0.97 3.03
单帧 5.30 1.56
2幅 29.64 0.73
3幅 43.28 0.61
4幅 52.27 0.56

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