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Application of Spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar to Geohazard Monitoring
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摘要: 近年来，星载InSAR技术在地质灾害监测领域显示出越来越大的应用潜力。该文首先介绍了InSAR形变监测的原理；然后系统性回顾了InSAR技术的发展，分析了差分InSAR、时序InSAR等方法的技术特点和适用范围；进而从地质灾害监测应用的角度分析了InSAR技术在地震、滑坡、水利工程、地面沉降等领域的应用现状和发展趋势；最后总结了当前地灾监测应用中InSAR技术在大气效应校正、复杂地区形变信息获取、多维形变信息获取中的关键问题，以期服务于地质灾害动态监测与防治工作。从当前InSAR技术在地质灾害监测的应用来看，该技术正处在广泛的业务应用阶段，随着未来星载SAR卫星系统的发展和行业的驱动，必将发展成为一项成熟的高精度对地观测技术，对地质灾害监测产生巨大的影响。Abstract: In recent years, spaceborne Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technology has shown increasing application potential in the field of geohazard monitoring. In this article, we first introduce the principle of InSAR technology, then systematically review the development of InSAR technology and analyze the technical characteristics and applicable scope of methods such as differential InSAR and time-series InSAR. We then discuss the application status and development trend of InSAR technology in geohazard monitoring with respect to earthquakes, landslides, hydropower projects, and ground subsidence. Finally, to guide future work in the dynamic monitoring and prevention of geohazards, we summarize the key issues and scientific problems faced by the application of InSAR to geohazard monitoring, which include atmospheric correction, complex-area deformation data acquisition, and the acquisition of multidimensional deformation data. Judging from the current applications of geological hazard monitoring, this technology is now at the point of extensive application. With the development of future spaceborne SAR satellite systems and the driving force of industry application, InSAR technology will develop into a sophisticated high-precision ground observation technology that will have a huge impact on geological hazard monitoring.
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图 2 采用常规PSI技术和JSInSAR技术获得的四川地区某滑坡形变速率图
Figure 2. Deformation rate map of the landslide in Sichuan Province obtained by PSI and JSInSAR
图 3 利用升轨数据获得的拉西瓦水电站周边形变速率图
Figure 3. Deformation map around the Laxiwa Hydropower Station obtained from the ascending orbit data
图 4 利用降轨数据获得的拉西瓦水电站坝体及周边形变速率图
Figure 4. Deformation map of the dam and surrounding area of the Laxiwa Hydropower Station obtained from the descending orbit data
图 5 拉西瓦水电站果卜岸坡区域形变速率图
Figure 5. Deformation rate map of the Guobu slope of the Laxiwa Hydropower Station
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