雷达对地成像技术多向演化趋势与规律分析

杨建宇

doi:10.12000/JR19099

雷达对地成像技术多向演化趋势与规律分析

doi: 10.12000/JR19099

杨建宇^,

电子科技大学成都 611731

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目(60632020)，国家自然科学基金面上项目(61771113, 61671117)

详细信息

作者简介:
杨建宇(1963–)，电子科技大学教授，博士生导师，校科技委主任，国务院学位委员会信息与通信工程学科评议组成员，中国电子学会雷达分会副主任委员。主要研究方向为雷达前视成像、实孔径超分辨成像、双多基合成孔径雷达成像。获国家出版基金资助出版专著1部。获省部级奖6项、国家技术发明二等奖2项。E-mail: jyyang@uestc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
杨建宇 jyyang@uestc.edu.cn

¹ 严格意义上属于伪彩色，文中为表述方便，简称为彩色。² 中国科学院电子学研究所提供。
³图8中的层析SAR是指多航过层析SAR。
⁴图16中层析SAR指单航过层析SAR，例如图15所对应的成像方式。
⁵这里采用视线横向分辨和视线纵向分辨的表述方式，而未采用方位分辨和距离分辨的表述方式，是为了便于从透镜成像的角度来类比合成孔径成像的原理。
⁶为绘图标识方便，显著放大了波长和转角。例如，3 cm波长，0.3 m分辨，转角仅2.86°; θ在10°以内，sin θ/2≈θ/2，误差小于0.13%。
中图分类号: TN95
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-19
- 修回日期: 2019-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2019-12-01

Multi-directional Evolution Trend and Law Analysis of Radar Ground Imaging Technology

YANG Jianyu^,

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Funds: The Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60632020), The General Program of The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771113, 61671117)

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Jianyu, jyyang@uestc.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 该文从成像结果表征、孔径流形、信号通道、系统形态、观测方向、处理方法、实现机理、目标识别等方面剖析了雷达对地成像技术的多向演化态势，并试图从宏观的视角和大的时间尺度，分析和认识雷达对地成像技术发展的内外因素和发展规律，推演预测未来发展方向，以期为把握雷达对地成像技术发展的时代脉络和宏观趋势、契合需求和引领创新、推动发展和促进应用，提供另类的观察视角和思维方式。
- 雷达成像 /
- 宏观趋势 /
- 影响因素 /
- 发展规律
Abstract: This paper analyzes the multi-directional evolution of radar ground imaging technology from the aspects of the representation of imaging results, aperture manifolds, signal channels, system morphologies, observation directions, processing methods, realization mechanisms, and target recognition. Attempts are made to analyze and understand the internal and external factors as well as the development law of radar ground imaging technology from a macroscopic perspective over a long time scale, and to predict the direction of future development. Alternative observation perspective and thinking method are proposed with a view to advance the understanding of the times veins and macro trends of radar ground imaging technology, meet practical needs, lead innovation efforts, and promote development and applications.
- Radar imaging /
- Macro trend /
- Influencing factors /
- Development law

HTML全文

图 1 GF-3星载全极化SAR图像^[11]

Figure 1. GF-3 spaceborne fully polarized SAR image^[11]

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图 2 用色彩表征视向形变量的SAR图像^[13]

Figure 2. SAR image with color representation of line-of-sight deformation^[13]

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图 3 用颜色表征地物散射方向性的SAR图像^[14]

Figure 3. SAR image with color representation of ground scattering directivity^[14]

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图 4 干涉SAR成像原理及维苏威火山成像结果^[16]

Figure 4. InSAR imaging principle and imaging result of Vesuvius volcano^[16]

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图 5 极化干涉SAR原理与地物三维成像结果^[17]

Figure 5. Principle of Pol-InSAR and three-dimensional imaging result

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图 6 圣地亚国家实验室的视频SAR成像结果^[19]

Figure 6. Video SAR imaging results of Sandia national laboratories^[19]

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图 7 不同频段地物SAR图像差异的直观理解

Figure 7. Intuitive understanding of the differences between the SAR images of the ground objects in different frequency bands

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图 8 孔径流形的演变^②

Figure 8. Evolution of the aperture manifold

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图 9 圆周SAR与条带SAR成像结果对比^[23]

Figure 9. Comparison of imaging results of circular SAR and stripmap SAR^[23]

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图 10 圆周SAR试验情况^[24]

Figure 10. Experiment of circular SAR^[24]

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图 11 复杂机动轨迹SAR的示意图

Figure 11. Schematic diagrams of complex maneuvering SAR

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图 12 多航过层析SAR

Figure 12. Multi-pass tomographic SAR

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图 13 单平台多通道SAR示意图

Figure 13. Diagrams of single platform multi-channel SAR

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图 14 立体分布地物的三维成像^[38]

Figure 14. Three-dimensional imaging of stereo distributed ground objects^[38]

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图 15 建筑群的三维成像^[25]

Figure 15. Three-dimensional imaging of buildings

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图 16 多通道SAR演进图^③

Figure 16. Multi-channel SAR evolution map

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图 17 双多基地SAR系统形态

Figure 17. Morphology of Bistatic/Multistatic SAR

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图 18 单双基SAR图像明暗关系差异^[47]

Figure 18. Difference in light-dark relationship between monostatic and bistatic SAR images^[47]

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图 19 聚束式双基SAR试验^[48]

Figure 19. Experiment of spotlight bistatic SAR^[48]

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图 20 机载双基侧视SAR试验^[49]

Figure 20. Experiment of airborne bistatic side-looking SAR^[49]

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图 21 星机双基侧视SAR试验^[50]

Figure 21. Experiment of spaceborne/airborne bistatic side-looking SAR^[50]

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图 22 国内首幅机载双基侧视SAR图像^[51]

Figure 22. The first airborne bistatic side-looking SAR image in China^[51]

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图 23 外辐射源双基SAR试验^[52]

Figure 23. Experiment of passive bistatic SAR^[52]

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图 24 机载双基前视SAR图像^[61]

Figure 24. Airborne bistatic forward-looking SAR image^[61]

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图 25 星机双基地后视SAR试验^[63]

Figure 25. Experiment of spaceborne/airborne bistatic backward-looking SAR^[63]

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图 26 合成孔径原理的4种不同解释^⑤

Figure 26. Four different interpretations of synthetic aperture principle

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图 27 扫描波束锐化技术的交汇船只分辨试验^[82]

Figure 27. Resolving ships experiment of scanning beam sharpening^[82]

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图 28 扫描波束锐化技术的面目标成像试验^[82]

Figure 28. Surface target imaging experiment of scanning beam sharpening^[82]

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图 29 电磁涡旋成像的可行性验证^[96]

Figure 29. Feasibility verification of electromagnetic vortex imaging^[96]

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图 30 支撑成长识别能力的主要机制

Figure 30. The main mechanisms that support growth recognition

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图 31 雷达对地成像技术发展的外部因素

Figure 31. External influencing factors for the development of radar ground imaging technology

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图 32 雷达对地成像技术发展的内部因素

Figure 32. Internal influencing factors for the development of radar ground imaging technology

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