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摘要: 机载毫米波InSAR具备不受光照限制、测绘幅宽大、测绘精度高的特点，近年来随着其技术的不断发展和完善，逐渐成为一种被广泛关注的测绘手段。在针对小型飞行平台的高精度毫米波InSAR系统设计中，InSAR基线构型、多基线配置、外部数字高程模型(DEM)参考及InSAR处理流程是系统设计的核心。该文分析了机载毫米波InSAR系统中基线参数对干涉高程测量的影响，提出基于一体化天线吊舱的毫米波多基线InSAR系统设计思路，在此基础上提出基于时域成像算法的毫米波多基线InSAR测高处理流程。最后，实测数据实验验证了该文给出的机载毫米波多基线InSAR系统及其干涉数据处理方法在大比例尺测绘任务中的可行性和有效性。Abstract: The characteristics of airborne millimeter-wave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) include unrestricted light, large surveying width, and high mapping precision. In recent years, with the continuous development and improvement of the technology of airborne millimeter-wave InSAR, it has gradually become a widely used mapping method. The core of the system design of a high-precision millimeter-wave InSAR system designed for small aircraft platforms comprises InSAR baseline configuration, multi-baseline configuration, the external Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and InSAR processing flow. In this study, interferometric elevation measurements influenced by different baseline parameters of an airborne millimeter-wave InSAR system are analyzed. A design scheme of the millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR system based on integrated antenna pod is provided. Then, a time-domain imaging algorithm-based millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR elevation measurement process is proposed. Finally, real measured data experiments are used to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR system and the interference data processing method for large-scale mapping missions.
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图 1 InSAR天线吊舱不同结构配置对比示意图
Figure 1. A comparison diagram of different configurations of InSAR antenna pod
图 3 长短基线InSAR的地距投影误差对比
Figure 3. Comparison of ground distance projection errors of InSAR with long and short baselines
图 4 毫米波多基线InSAR数据处理流程图
Figure 4. Flowchart of millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR data processing
图 5 毫米波多基线InSAR装机及天线结构图
Figure 5. Millimeter wave multi-baseline InSAR installation and antenna structure diagram
图 6 毫米波多基线InSAR实测数据处理结果
Figure 6. The measured data processing results of millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR
图 7 毫米波多基线InSAR处理结果
Figure 7. Results of millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR treatment
图 8 InSAR测绘高度与基准高度对比结果
Figure 8. Comparison results between the measured height and the reference height
表 1 不同基线配置对InSAR高程测量精度影响对比
Table 1. Comparison of effects of different baseline configurations on InSAR elevation measurement accuracy
飞行高度(m) 基线误差(mm) 基线长度(m) 基线倾角(°) 下视角(°) 雷达斜距(km) 高程误差(m) 3000 0.1 1.8 45 30 3.46 0.03 45 4.24 0 60 6.00 0.08 0.3 45 30 3.46 0.15 45 4.24 0 60 6.00 0.46 
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表 2 InSAR不同基线长度对应的模糊高程
Table 2. Fuzzy elevation corresponding to different baseline lengths
基线长度(m) 下视角(°) 基线倾角(°) 雷达斜距(m) 模糊高程(m) 0.30 35 45 5200 61 0.30 55 45 8800 125 0.03 35 45 5200 611 0.03 55 45 8800 1247
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表 3 毫米波多基线InSAR系统参数
Table 3. Parameters of millimeter-wave multi-baseline InSAR system
参数 数值 中心频率 35 GHz 长基线长度 0.31 m 短基线长度 0.03 m 基线倾角 45° 飞行高度 3000 m 信号带宽 900 MHz 雷达下视角 38°～52° 平均飞行速度 240 km/h
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