涡旋电磁波天线技术研究进展

郭忠义; 汪彦哲; 郑群; 尹超逸; 杨阳; 宫玉彬

doi:10.12000/JR19091

涡旋电磁波天线技术研究进展

doi: 10.12000/JR19091

郭忠义^1, ,,
汪彦哲^1,,
郑群^1,,
尹超逸^1,,
杨阳^2,,
宫玉彬^2,

1.
合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院合肥 230009
2.
电子科技大学微波电真空器件国家重点实验室成都 610054

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(61775050, 61921002)，中央高校基本研究经费(PA2019GDZC0098)

详细信息

作者简介:
郭忠义(1981–)，男，安徽阜南人，合肥工业大学教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向包括涡旋雷达系统、智能传感系统、偏振智能信息处理、先进光通信技术、复杂电磁环境等。发表SCI检索论文130余篇，被国际国内同行正面引用1400余次。E-mail: guozhongyi@hfut.edu.cn

汪彦哲(1996–)，男，安徽芜湖人，在读硕士。2019年于合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院攻读硕士学位。研究方向为涡旋电磁波天线与涡旋电磁波雷达成像。E-mail: wangyanzhehfut@163.com

郑　群(1996–)，女，安徽池州人，在读硕士。2017年于合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院攻读硕士学位。研究方向为超表面天线、涡旋电磁波天线，目前发表论文2篇。E-mail: zhengqun1996@163.com

尹超逸(1994–)，男，安徽安庆人，在读硕士。2017年于合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院攻读硕士学位。研究方向为涡旋电磁波天线、共口径天线，目前发表论文1篇。E-mail: yinchaoyi19940918@163.com

杨　阳，男，河南南阳人，在读博士。2015年获得电子科技大学真空电子专业学士学位，目前在电子科技大学微波电真空器件国家重点实验室攻读物理电子学博士学位。研究方向包括浸水天线、OAM天线和微波成像，目前已经发表期刊论文2篇，会议论文5篇。E-mail: yangyang_19930129@163.com

宫玉彬，男，山东蓬莱人，博士，教授。1998年在电子科技大学获得物理电子专业博士学位。现为电子科技大学特聘教授、微波真空器件国家重点实验室副主任、研究室主任。研究方向包括新的毫米波和太赫兹辐射源，以及生物电磁效应，发表300多篇学术论文，获得科学和学术奖项十多次。E-mail: ybgong@uestc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
郭忠义　guozhongyi@hfut.edu.cn

责任主编：崔铁军 Corresponding Editor: CUI Tiejun
中图分类号: TN820
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-02
- 修回日期: 2019-10-18
- 网络出版日期: 2019-10-01

Advances of Research on Antenna Technology of Vortex Electromagnetic Waves

GUO Zhongyi^{1
, ,},
WANG Yanzhe^1
,,
ZHENG Qun^1
,,
YIN Chaoyi^1
,,
YANG Yang^2
,,
GONG Yubin^2
,

1.
School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2.
National Key Lab on Vacuum Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61775050, 61921002), The Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities of China (PA2019GDZC0098)

More Information

Corresponding author: GUO Zhongyi, guozhongyi@hfut.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 涡旋电磁波，因携带有轨道角动量(OAM)，从而体现出除了传统的强度、相位、频率、极化等自由度之外的一种新型自由度，理论上在任意频率下都具有无穷多种互不干扰的正交模态，并且近年来其在雷达成像、无线通信等研究领域展现出重要的应用潜力，所以引起国内外学者的广泛关注，具有很高的研究价值和应用前景。在这里，该文主要介绍近年来涡旋电磁波天线技术的研究进展，包括单一微带贴片天线、阵列天线、行波天线、以及超表面天线结构等。单一微带贴片天线由于其结构简单、制作成本低而被广泛运用；行波天线可以在宽带范围内产生多OAM模式的涡旋电磁波；阵列天线的设计原理简单，可以灵活地控制产生不同模态的高增益OAM电磁波；而超表面天线不需要复杂的馈电网络，从而具有天线整体剖面较低的优势。该文对这4种常见的涡旋电磁波天线进行了总结，并展望了未来的发展趋势。
- 涡旋电磁波 /
- 单一微带贴片天线 /
- 行波天线 /
- 阵列天线 /
- 超表面天线
Abstract: The vortex electromagnetic wave, which carries the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), reflects a new degree of freedom in addition to the traditional degrees of freedom such as intensity, phase, frequency, and polarization. Theoretically, vortex electromagnetic wave, at any frequency, has an infinite number of orthogonal modes that do not interfere with each other, and in recent years, they have shown important potential applications in the fields of radar imaging, wireless communication and so on. Therefore, they have attracted considerable attention from scholars worldwide owing to their high research value and application prospects. Here, this paper mainly introduces the recent research advances on the antenna technology of vortex electromagnetic wave, including single microstrip patch antenna, array antenna, traveling wave antenna, and metasurface antenna structure. The single microstrip patch antenna is widely used owing to its simple structure and low manufacturing cost. The traveling wave antenna can generate multi-OAM mode vortex electromagnetic waves in a wide-frequency range. The array antenna is easy to design and controllably generate high-gain OAM electromagnetic waves with different modes. The metasurface antennas do not require complex feeding networks, which has the advantage of a lower profile of the antenna. Finally, we summarize these four common vortex antennas and further look forward to their future developments.
- Vortex electromagnetic wave /
- Single microstrip patch antenna /
- Traveling wave antenna /
- Array antenna /
- Metasurface antenna

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图 1 不同模式OAM波束图

Figure 1. Different modes OAM beam pattern

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图 2 单一微带贴片天线

Figure 2. Single microstrip patch antenna

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图 3 圆锥共形贴片天线^[57]

Figure 3. Conical conformal patch antenna^[57]

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图 4 谐振腔行波天线

Figure 4. Cavity traveling wave antenna

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图 5 螺旋行波天线

Figure 5. Spiral traveling wave antenna

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图 6 内外双馈双臂阿基米德螺旋天线^[65]

Figure 6. Inner and outer dual-fed dual-arm archimedean spiral antenna^[65]

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图 7 立体螺旋天线^[66]

Figure 7. Three-dimensional helical antenna^[66]

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图 8 三环嵌套平面等角螺旋线^[67]

Figure 8. Three-ring nested plane equiangular helix^[67]

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图 9 偶极子阵列天线

Figure 9. Dipole array antenna

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图 10 微带贴片阵列天线

Figure 10. Microstrip patch array antenna

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图 11 其他阵列天线

Figure 11. Other array antennas

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图 12 反射型超表面产生OAM波

Figure 12. The reflected metasurface generates OAM waves

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图 13 基于二极管可调相位网络结构实现可重构的OAM波^[113]

Figure 13. Reconfigurable OAM wave based on diode phase adjustable network structure^[113]

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图 14 透射型超表面产生OAM波

Figure 14. The transmitted metasurface generates OAM waves

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图 15 全息超表面产生OAM波

Figure 15. The holographic metasurface generates OAM waves

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图 16 数字编码型超表面产生OAM波

Figure 16. The digitally encoded metasurface generates OAM waves

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表 1 单一的微带贴片天线结构产生的涡旋电磁波的性能

Table 1. Performances of generating vortex electromagnetic waves a single microstrip patch antenna structure

天线类型	单位	时间	天线尺寸($ \lambda_0 $)	工作频率(GHz)	OAM模式	增益(dB)
不规则F形结构^[51]	北京邮电大学	2017	1.02×1.25×0.06	17.00	+1	/
规则的椭圆形结构^[52]	意大利尼科洛库萨诺大学	2014	0.80×0.80×0.01	2.40	+1, +2	/
规则的正八边形结构^[53]	西安电子科技大学	2019	1.24×1.24×0.02	2.47	+1, –1	4.8
规则的圆形结构^[54]	厦门大学	2019	0.27×0.27×0.01 0.46×0.46×0.02	1.62 2.73	+1 +2	/
双馈点环形嵌套结构^[55]	成都电子科技大学	2017	$ \Phi $2.26×0.03	5.65	+1, –2	/
单馈点环形嵌套结构^[56]	中国人民大学	2018	1.00×1.00×0.13	4.65～5.20	+2, +3	1.5, 1.8
单馈点圆锥共形结构^[57]	合肥工业大学	2019	$\Phi $0.53×0.02	2.40	±1, ±2	6.6
单馈点环形嵌套结构^[58]	意大利尼科洛库萨诺大学	2017	$\Phi $1.00×0.01	2.00	+1	/

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表 2 报道的行波天线结构产生OAM波的性能

Table 2. Reported performances of generating OAM wave from traveling wave antenna structure

天线类型	单位	时间	天线尺寸(λ₀)	工作频率(GHz)	OAM模式	增益(dB)
环形谐振腔天线^[59-61]	浙江大学	2015	/	10.00	2, 3, 4	/
		2017	Φ4.12	10.00	±3	3.39
		2017	Φ20.00×8.43	10.00	±2	18.85
		2017	Φ20.00×8.43	10.00	±3	19.75
单臂阿基米德平面螺旋天线^[62]	云南大学	2017	Φ0.76×0.01	1.30～3.25	1	/
			Φ1.57×0.02	3.45～6.10	2
			Φ2.79×0.03	6.25～10.50	3
嵌套三维立体螺旋线^[63]	空军工程大学	2019	>Φ0.90	4.80～5.20	2	7.60
嵌套三维立体螺旋线^[63]	空军工程大学	2019	>Φ0.90	4.80～5.20	3	7.60
加腔内外馈电阿基米德螺旋线^[65]	合肥工业大学	2019	2.60×0.80	3.00	±1	6.70～10.00
			3.47×1.07	4.00	±2
			4.16×1.28	4.80	±3
加腔三维立体螺旋线^[66]	合肥工业大学	2019	Φ0.51×0.13	0.76	0	4.55
			Φ1.03×0.26	1.55	1
			Φ1.63×0.41	2.45	2
四臂等角平面螺旋天线^[64]	电子科技大学	2019	Φ2.13×0.03	5.60～6.00	0	/
					–1
					–2
					–3
三环嵌套平面等角螺旋线^[67]	电子科技大学	2019	Φ3.00×0.57	3.00	1	6.94
					3	6.76
					5	5.49

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表 3 阵列天线结构产生的OAM波的性能

Table 3. Reported performances of OAM wave generated by array antenna structure

阵元结构	单位	时间	天线尺寸(λ₀)	工作频率(GHz)	OAM模式	增益(dB)
微带贴片	英国谢菲尔德大学^[72]	2014	Φ2.00×0.05	10.00	±1	2.45
	法国雷恩第一大学^[73]	2015	0.91×0.69×0.01	2.50	+1	/
	意大利帕多瓦大学^[74]	2015	Φ1.60×0.01	5.75	0, ±1	8.35
	上海交通大学^[83]	2016	1.67×1.67×0.10	4.80	±1	9.00
	清华大学^[75]	2017	2.03×2.03×0.01	1.90	0, ±1, ±2, ±3	/
	复旦大学^[76]	2017	Φ4.84×0.03	5.72～5.95	±1	/
	中国科学院大学^[86]	2017	Φ6.00	8.00～12.00	0, +1, +2, +3	/
	西安电子科技大学^{[53,77,80,82,84]}	2017	2.20×2.00×0.10	5.40～5.60	–1 +1	7.35 8.05
		2017	3.10×3.10×0.07	9.70～10.70	0 ±1 ±2 ±3	14.15 9.55 9.25 8.95
		2019	0.61×0.61×0.02	2.40	–1,–2	/
			Φ3.33×0.06	2.33～2.73	±1, ±2, ±3	6.35
			Φ1.90×0.06	5.80	0, –1, –2, –3	>6.55
	湖南大学^[78]	2018	1.28×1.28×0.07	2.50	+1 –1	3.15 3.05
	内蒙古科技大学^[79]	2018	Φ5.60×0.05	5.50～6.10 5.65～6.10	±1 ±2 0	9.15 4.05 7.45
	电子科技大学^[33]	2019	4.85×4.85×0.14	13.50～16.70	–1, –2	/
	韩国牧园大学^[85]	2019	7.50×7.50	18.00	+5	/
	北京邮电大学^[81]	2019	Φ1.00×0.02	1.55	±1, +2	/
喇叭	上海交通大学^[89]	2015	Φ4.00	2.20	0, ±1, ±2, ±3, ±4	8.75
	国防科技大学^[90]	2016	Φ10.00	9.90	0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7	/
	浙江大学^[92]	2016	8.86×9.06×0.02	9.70	0, ±1	8.48
	电子科技大学^[91]	2018	Φ0.80×0.34	2.45	0, +1, +2, +3	/
偶极子	瑞典乌普萨拉大学^[43,70]	2007	Φ4.00	1.00	+1, +2, +4	/
	瑞典乌普萨拉大学^[43,70]	2010	Φ1.50	2.40	+1,+2	/
	华南理工大学^[71]	2017	1.76×1.76×0.01	2.10～2.70	±1	/
Vivaldi	北京理工大学^[87]	2013	Φ1.57×1.20	6.00	0,±1,±2,±3,+4	7.00
Vivaldi	电子科技大学^[88]	2018	Φ0.51×0.40	2.70～2.90	0, ±2	/
谐振腔	华中科技大学^[93]	2016	Φ1.00×0.16	3.50	+1, +2	/
表面等离子体激元	东南大学^[94]	2018	Φ3.20×0.06	5.50 5.80 6.00 6.30 6.60	–2 –1 0 +1 +2	/
单臂螺旋	西安电子科技大学^[95]	2018	Φ5.33×0.47	3.40～4.70	+1, +2, +3	8.50

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表 4 产生OAM波的超表面天线及性能

Table 4. The metasurface antennas and their properties for generating OAM waves

天线类型	单位	时间	天线尺寸(λ₀)	工作频率(GHz)	OAM模式	增益(dB)
反射型超表面	西安电子科技大学^[98-104]	2016	10.00×10.00×0.12	5.80	1; 2; 4	/
		2016	10.00×10.00×0.12	5.80	x极化1, y极化2	/
		2016	10.00×10.00×0.07	5.50～6.50	1, 1; 1, 2	/
		2017	10.00×10.00×0.07	5.80	1, 2	/
		2018	12.60×12.60×0.22	10.00	1	/
		2018	8.82×8.82×0.16 14.70×14.70×0.26	6.00 10.00	1, –1(±30°) 1, –1(±30°)	17.7 19.8
		2018	10.50×10.50×0.13	9.00～11.00	1	19.9
	衡阳师范学院^[107]	2017	6.72×6.72×0.13	6.95～18.00	1; 2	/
	浙江大学^[108]	2017	Φ7.00×0.10	10.00	0; 1; 2	10
	东南大学^[105]	2018	12.50×12.50×3.00	40.25	–1	/
	安徽大学^[106]	2019	2.38×2.38×0.07	5.00～6.30	–1, 0, 1	11.05
	南京航空航天大学^[109]	2019	Φ6.46×0.15	18.00～42.00	1, 3	/
	北京邮电大学^[110]	2019	Φ15.00×0.10	5.00～7.50	4	17.93
	华南理工大学^[111]	2019	3.87×3.87×0.11	5.80	1; 2; 3; 4	15.4
	中国科学院^[112]	2019	8.50×8.50×0.10 4.20×4.20×0.05	5.20 10.50～12.00	1 2	/
	合肥工业大学^[113]	2019	3.50×3.50×0.10	300.00	–1, –2, –3, 1, 2, 3	>20
透射型超表面	北京大学^[114]	2015	5.00×5.00×0.08	11.80	2	/
	香港大学^[119,120]	2017	9.60×9.60×0.05	17.85	2; 4	/
	香港大学^[119,120]	2017	4.58×4.58×0.05	17.85	–1, –2, 0, 1, 2	/
	浙江大学^[121]	2018	6.90×7.30×2.60	10.00	–1, –2, –3, –4 1, 2, 3, 4	/
	南京理工大学^[126]	2018	9.40×9.40×0.76	32.90～36.80	x极化–1, y极化2	15
	西安电子科技大学^[115-118]	2017	18.60×18.60×0.68	10.00	2	/
		2018	4.67×4.67×0.15	10.00	1	14.5
		2018	9.20×9.20×0.23	13.00～15.00	x极化0, y极化1	26, 20
		2019	4.80×4.80×0.20	9.60～10.32	1; 2; 3	/
	上海交通大学^[122]	2019	6.00×6.00×0.05	10.00	1; 2	/
	哈尔滨工业大学^[123]	2019	8.00×8.00×0.15	10.00～11.30	1	/
	空军工程大学^[124]	2019	4.88×4.88×0.14	14.00	1	/
	中国科学院^[125]	2019	5.25×5.25×0.10	10.00	2	10.85
全息超表面	香港大学^[127]	2016	3.50×3.50×0.10	6.20	2; 4	/
	西安电子科技大学^[128,129]	2019	20.20×20.20×0.11	20.00	–1, 1(±30°)	/
	西安电子科技大学^[128,129]	2019	20.20×20.20×0.11	20.00	1; 2; 3	/
数字编码型超表面	西安电子科技大学^[130,131]	2018	6.30×6.30×0.04	4.75	1, 2	/
	西安电子科技大学^[130,131]	2018	6.67×6.67×0.04	5.00	1(0°, 30°) 2(0°, 20°)	/
	空军工程大学^[132-134]	2018	9.00×9.00×0.06	6.00	1	/
		2018	8.84×8.84×0.08	8.50	x-极化–2, 2 y-极化–1, 1	/
		2019	5.85×5.85×0.07	7.10～7.50 7.00～7.50	–1 1	14.7 11.1
	东南大学^[135-137]	2017	12.00×12.00×0.10	14.50～15.50	1(±30°)	/
		2017	Φ15.00×0.15	15.00	x-极化1 y-极化–1	/
		2019	4.80×4.80×0.05	10.00	1, –1	/

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参考文献(137)

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