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摘要: 针对雷达对海上目标探测技术研究的数据需求以及目前公开的雷达对海探测数据缺乏的问题，该文提出一项“雷达对海探测数据共享计划”，旨在利用X波段固态全相参雷达等多型雷达开展对海探测试验，获取不同海况、分辨率、擦地角条件下目标和海杂波数据，并同步获取海洋气象水文数据、目标位置与轨迹的真实数据，实现雷达实测数据的标准化、规范化管理，推进数据集公开共享，服务于海杂波特性研究，有力地支持海杂波抑制和目标检测技术研究。Abstract: To meet the radar data requirements of target detection technology research and address the lack of publicly available sea-detecting radar data, a data-sharing program for sea-detecting radar is proposed herein. The aim of the proposed data-sharing program is to conduct sea detection experiments using an X-band solidstate phase-coherent radar and other multi-type radars to obtain the target and sea clutter data under different sea conditions, resolutions, and grazing angles. Moreover, the marine meteorological and hydrological data, target position, and track data are simultaneously obtained using the proposed data-sharing program to help achieve the standardized management of radar-measured data. The proposed data-sharing program aims to promote the open sharing of data sets, serve as the basis for research on sea clutter characteristics, and facilitate the research on sea clutter suppression and target detection technology.
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Key words:
- Radar /
- Sea detection /
- Sea clutter /
- Target detection /
- Real data sharing
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图 2 X波段固态功放监视/导航雷达
Figure 2. X band solid-state power amplifier surveillance/navigation radar
图 10 试验海域气象水文数据
Figure 10. Meteorological and hydrological datas of the experimental sea area
表 1 X波段试验雷达参数
Table 1. X-band experimental radar parameters
技术指标 参数 工作频段 X 工作频率范围 9.3～9.5 GHz 量程 0.0625～96 nm 扫描带宽 25 MHz 距离分辨率 6 m 脉冲重复频率 1.6 K, 3 K, 5 K和10 K 发射峰值功率 50 W 天线转速 2 rpm, 12 rpm, 24 rpm, 48 rpm 天线长度 1.8 m 天线工作模式 凝视、圆周扫描 天线极化方式 HH 天线水平波束宽度 1.2° 天线垂直波束宽度 22° 
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1 雷达对海探测数据(第1期)概况表
1. Summary table of sea-detecting radar data (the first phase)
序号 海况等级 数据量 雷达天线工作模式 发射脉冲模式 区域AIS数据 气象水文数据 擦地角(°) 1 1级及以下 >10组 凝视、扫描 模式2 有 有 0.3～15 2 2级 >10组 凝视、扫描 模式2 有 有 0.3～15 3 3级 >10组 凝视、扫描 模式2 有 有 0.3～15 4 4级 >10组 凝视、扫描 模式2 有 有 0.3～15 5 5级 >5组 凝视、扫描 模式2 无 有 0.3～15 注：①每天AIS数据形成一个表格格式文件，提供船只MMSI、时间、经纬度等信息；②每天气象水文数据形成一个nc格式文件，提供风速/风向/浪高/浪向/浪周期信息；③凝视模式下一组数据包含的脉冲数不低于105个；扫描模式下一组数据包含一个完整的扫描周期；④发射脉冲模式2，对应每个重复周期雷达相继发射一个单载频脉冲和一个LFM脉冲。
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表 1 X-band experimental radar parameters
Parameters Technical indexes Operating frequency X Scope of operating frequency 9.3-9.5 GHz Range 0.0625-96 nm Scanning bandwidth 25 MHz Range resolution 6 m Pulse repetition frequency 1.6 K, 3 K, 5 K & 10 K Emission peak power 50 W Revolving speed of antenna 2rpm, 12 rpm, 24 rpm, 48 rpm Length of antenna 1.8 m Operating mode of antenna Gazing & circular scanning Polarization mode of antenna HH Width of horizontal beam of antenna 1.2° Width of vertical beam of antenna 22°
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1 Summary table of sea-detecting radar data (the 1st phase)
No. Grade of sea conditions Data size Working mode of radar antenna Transmission pulse mode Regional AIS data Meteorological and
hydrological dataGrazing angle (°) 1 Grade 1 and below >10 Groups Staring & scanning Mode 2 Yes Yes 0.3–15 2 Grade 2 >10 Groups Staring & scanning Mode 2 Yes Yes 0.3–15 3 Grade 3 >10 Groups Staring & scanning Mode 2 Yes Yes 0.3–15 4 Grade 4 >10 Groups Staring & scanning Mode 2 Yes Yes 0.3–15 5 Grade 5 >5 Groups Staring & scanning Mode 2 No Yes 0.3–15 Notes: ① Daily AIS data will be generated into a table format, which provides MMSI of ships, time, longitude and latitude, and others. ② Daily meteorological and hydrological data will be generated into an NC-format file, which indicates wind speed, wind direction, wave height, and cycle. ③ The number of pulses contained in a group of data under staring mode will not be less than 105, while a group of data under scanning mode contains a complete scanning cycle. ④ Under transmission pulse mode 2, radars of each corresponding repetition cycle will transmit a single-carrier frequency pulse and an LFM pulse.
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