基于长合成孔径的辐射源成像定位算法

王裕旗; 孙光才; 杨军; 邢孟道; 杨小牛; 保铮

doi:10.12000/JR19080

基于长合成孔径的辐射源成像定位算法

doi: 10.12000/JR19080

王裕旗^1,,
孙光才^1, ,,
杨军^2,,
邢孟道^1,,
杨小牛³,
保铮¹

1.
西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理国家重点实验室西安 710071
2.
西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院西安 710071
3.
中国电子科技集团公司第三十六研究所嘉兴 314000

基金项目: 国家杰出青年自然基金(61825105)

详细信息

作者简介:
王裕旗(1994–)，男，博士生，研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像和合成孔径无源定位。E-mail: xdwangyuqi@163.com

孙光才(1984–)，男，湖北孝感人，博士，副教授，研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像、动目标检测和合成孔径无源定位。E-mail: gcsun@xidian.edu.cn

杨　军(1984–)，男，博士，讲师，研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达。E-mail: yangjun_kx@163.com

邢孟道(1975–)，男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为雷达成像技术、稀疏信号处理、激光合成孔径成像、微波光子合成孔径成像等。E-mail: xmd@xidian.edu.cn

杨小牛(1961–)，男，中国工程院院士，主要研究方向为通信信号处理与分析，软件无线电等

保　铮(1927–)，男，中国科学院院士，主要研究方向为数字信号处理、时空2维信号处理、雷达成像等

通讯作者:
孙光才 gcsun@xidian.edu.cn

中图分类号: TN958
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-09-05
- 修回日期: 2020-02-11
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-28

Passive Localization Algorithm for Radiation Source Based on Long Synthetic Aperture

1.
National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
2.
College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710071, China
3.
The 36th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Jiaxing 314000, China

Funds: The National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (61825105)

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Guangcai, gcsun@xidian.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 考虑到单平台测角的定位精度随目标的距离增加而下降、远距离处的方位定位精度有待提高的问题，该文提出了一种基于长合成孔径的辐射源定位算法。该算法将合成孔径成像的概念引入到辐射源无源定位中，通过平台的移动形成长的虚拟孔径，以合成孔径雷达的方式处理数据，获得很高的方位定位精度。对于单频辐射源，接收信号在方位上等效为线性调频信号，其调频率与辐射源的距离成反比，通过距离搜索和方位聚焦的方法在距离-方位域完成信号聚焦，直接获得辐射源2维成像定位结果。针对宽波束侦察的特点，分析了低采样率下调频率距离-方位的耦合关系，并提出了信号角度估计和2维成像定位的方法。理论推导和实测数据处理结果验证了该定位算法的有效性。
- 无源定位 /
- 单平台定位 /
- 长合成孔径 /
- 距离-方位定位 /
- 单频连续信号定位 /
- 方位调频率
Abstract: When the direction-of-arrival estimation is made by a single platform, the localization accuracy decreases with increases in the distance from the radiation source, which means the localization accuracy of the azimuth of the radiation source at long distances must be improved. To address this problem, we propose a radiation-source localization algorithm based on a long synthetic aperture. This algorithm introduces the use of synthetic aperture imaging to the passive localization of radiation sources. A long virtual aperture is obtained by movement of the platform, and received data is processed in the form of synthetic aperture radar to obtain high azimuth localization accuracy. For a single-frequency radiation source, the received signal is equivalent to a linear frequency-modulation signal in the azimuth domain, and its chirp rate is inversely proportional to the distance from the radiation source. A range search and azimuth-focusing method are used to perform signal focusing in the range–azimuth domain, and the localization of the radiation source is obtained directly by two-dimensional imaging. Moreover, with respect to the characteristics of wide-beam reconnaissance, we analyzed the range–azimuth coupling relationship of the chirp rate at a low sampling frequency. On this basis, methods for direction-of-arrival estimation and two-dimensional imaging localization are proposed. Our theoretical derivation and experimental data processing results verify the validity of this algorithm.
- Passive localization /
- Single station localization /
- Long synthetic aperture /
- Range-azimuth localization /
- Single frequency continuous signal localization /
- Azimuth chirp rate

HTML全文

图 1 合成孔径定位几何模型

Figure 1. Localization geometry model

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图 2 采集数据的利用方式

Figure 2. Data usage diagram

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图 3 不同发射频率，不同垂直距离对应的点散布函数

Figure 3. PSF for different frequencies and different ranges

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图 4 单频连续波辐射源合成孔径侦察算法流程

Figure 4. Flow chart of proposed algorithm for single frequency signal

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图 5 多辐射源同时定位的结果

Figure 5. Localization result of multiple sources

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图 6 不同信噪比下定位的均方根误差

Figure 6. RMSE of different SNR

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图 7 QPSK信号频谱

Figure 7. QPSK signal spectrum

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图 8 相位补偿后QPSK信号的频谱

Figure 8. Spectrum after phase compensation

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图 9 2维重排信号的方位谱

Figure 9. Azimuth spectrum of two-dimensional signal

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图 10 距离位置定位的结果

Figure 10. Range localization result

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图 11 距离位置定位结果局部放大

Figure 11. Enlarged view of range localization result

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图 12 辐射源的频率和方位位置

Figure 12. Frequency and azimuth location

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图 13 测角定位的结果

Figure 13. Localization result of angle measurement

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表 1 定位误差对比(km)

Table 1. Comparison of localization errors (km)

测角定位误差合成孔径定位误差

27.477 6.214
23.450 8.262
14.009 3.163
34.906 7.276

下载: 导出CSV

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