基于分布式压缩感知的高分宽幅SAR动目标成像技术

潘洁; 王帅; 李道京; 卢晓春

doi:10.12000/JR19060

基于分布式压缩感知的高分宽幅SAR动目标成像技术

DOI: 10.12000/JR19060

潘洁^1,3, ,,
王帅^1,2,3,,
李道京^1,2,,
卢晓春^4,

1.
中国科学院空天信息创新研究院北京 100094
2.
微波成像技术重点实验室北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学北京 100049
4.
中国科学院国家授时中心西安 710600

基金项目: 国家高分重大专项共性关键技术(30-H30C01-9004-19/21)

详细信息

作者简介:
潘　洁(1977–)，女，四川人，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院高级工程师，博士生，研究方向为稀疏阵列雷达系统。E-mail: panjie@aircas.ac.cn

王　帅(1992–)，男，安徽阜阳人，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院博士生，研究方向为合成孔径雷达成像技术。E-mail: wangshuai161@mils.ucas.edu.cn

李道京(1964–)，男，陕西西安人，中国科学院空天信息创新研究院研究员，博士生导师，主要研究方向为雷达系统和雷达信号处理。E-mail: lidj@mail.ie.ac.cn

卢晓春(1970–)，女，中国科学院授时中心研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为精密时间信息传输与信息处理。E-mail: luxc@ntsc.ac.cn

通讯作者:
潘洁 panjie@aircas.ac.cn

中图分类号: TN951
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-14
- 修回日期: 2019-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2020-02-28

High-resolution Wide-swath SAR Moving Target Imaging Technology Based on Distributed Compressed Sensing

PAN Jie^{1,3
, ,},
WANG Shuai^{1,2,3
,},
LI Daojing^{1,2
,},
LU Xiaochun^4
,

1.
Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
2.
National Key Lab of Microwave Imaging Technology, Beijing 100190, China
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4.
National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710600, China

Funds: The Key Standard Technologies of National High Resolution Special (30-H30C01-9004-19/21)

More Information

Corresponding author: PAN Jie, panjie@aircas.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 高分宽幅SAR动目标成像对目标跟踪具有重要的意义，常规天基多通道SAR技术要实现高分宽幅动目标成像需要通道数量巨大，系统复杂度过高，而且图像在方位向存在成对回波，形成虚警。针对上述问题，该文提出了一种基于分布式压缩感知的高分宽幅SAR动目标成像技术，在通道数量较大时，通道数量相比常规高分宽幅动目标成像构型通道数量约降低1倍，利用动目标稀疏特性和杂波背景非稀疏特性构建分布式压缩感知观测模型，采用先方位1维分布式压缩感知重建再距离方位2维分布式压缩感知重建，实现杂波背景和稀疏动目标的重建，并抑制多通道SAR动目标成像中的成对回波。结合RADAR-SAT数据的仿真试验结果验证了该技术的有效性。
- 合成孔径雷达 /
- 多通道 /
- 高分辨率宽测绘带 /
- 分布式压缩感知 /
- 运动目标显示
Abstract: High-resolution wide-swath SAR moving target imaging is of great significance for target tracking. To achieve target tracking, conversional space-based multichannel SAR technology requires a large number of channels. However, this leads to high system complexity. Moreover, paired false target echoes exist in the azimuth. To address such problems, a high-resolution wide-swath SAR moving target imaging technology based on distributed compressed sensing is proposed in this paper. When the number of channels is large enough, the number of channels is approximately half of that of the conventional high-resolution wide-swath target imaging configuration channel. A distributed compressed sensing observation model is constructed using the sparse property of moving targets and the nonsparse characteristics of the clutter background. Clutter background and sparse moving targets are reconstructed by combining one-dimensional distributed compressed sensing reconstruction in the azimuth and two-dimensional distributed compressed sensing reconstruction in the range-azimuth. Moreover, the paired false target echoes in multichannel SAR moving target are suppressed. The simulation results combined with RADAR-SAT data verify the effectiveness of the proposed technology.
- SAR /
- Multi-channel /
- High resolution wide swath /
- Distributed compressed sensing /
- Ground moving target indication

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图 1 SAR系统坐标系

Figure 1. Coordinate system of SAR

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图 2 多通道SAR高分宽幅动目标成像通道构型

Figure 2. Channel configuration of multi-channel SAR high resolution wide swath target imaging

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图 3 基于分布式压缩感知的高分宽幅动目标成像通道构型

Figure 3. Channel configuration of high resolution wide swath target imaging based on distributed compressed sensing

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图 4 算法流程图

Figure 4. Flowchart of the algorithm

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图 5 仿真采用实测图像

Figure 5. Measured image used in simulation

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图 6 单通道成像结果

Figure 6. Imaging result of single channel

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图 7 方位分布式压缩感知重建结果

Figure 7. Reconstructed results of azimuth distributed compressed sensing

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图 8 距离方位分布式压缩感知重建结果

Figure 8. Reconstructed results of distributed compressed sensing in range-azimuth

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表 1 算法流程

Table 1. Algorithm flowchart

(1) 对高分宽幅SAR动目标成像系统每个通道数据分别进行距离压缩处理，获得每个通道的1维距离图像；
(2) 联合多通道数据转换到方位多普勒域进行距离徙动校正，之后转换回到方位时域，完成对静止目标距离徙动校正，而动目标由于相位　　误差存在距离徙动校正误差；
(3) 对距离徙动校正后的多通道数据构造方位1维分布式压缩感知模型，利用优化方法进行信号重建，分别获得非稀疏背景杂波和稀疏动目　　标散射信息；
(4) 根据稀疏动目标散射信息估计动目标的位置和速度参数；
(5) 对距离徙动校正后的多通道数据根据运动目标位置和速度信息构造距离方位2维分布式压缩感知模型，利用优化方法进行信号重建，获　　得非稀疏背景杂波和稀疏动目标散射信息；
(6) 将运动目标信息${{{\sigma}} _2}$和背景杂波图像${{{\sigma}} _1}$融合形成完整的高分宽幅图像。

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表 2 雷达系统主要参数

Table 2. Main parameters of radar system

参数	数值
工作频率	5.3 GHz
带宽	30 MHz
采样率	32.3 MHz
PRF	1256.98 Hz
速度	7062 m/s
通道数	3
动目标速度	2.5 m/s

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