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Advances on Frequency Diverse Array Radar and Its Applications
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摘要: 与传统的相控阵只形成方位角依赖性的发射波束不同，频控阵通过在阵元间采用一个小频差来实现波束的自动扫描功能。频控阵能够形成具有距离依赖性和时变性的发射波束，克服了传统相控阵阵列因子不包含距离和时间变量的缺点，因而带来很多独特的应用优势。该文在作者的“频控阵雷达：概念、原理与应用”(《电子与信息学报》，2016, 38(4): 1000–1011)基础上，简要介绍频控阵雷达的基本原理，全面梳理近3年来国内外关于频控阵雷达技术及其应用方面的最新研究进展，讨论几种新的频控阵雷达技术应用前景，主要包括雷达对抗和雷达-通信一体化应用，并指出目前亟待研究解决的波束时变性、有效接收机设计、自适应信号检测与估计和原理样机研制等几个关键问题。Abstract: Unlike the conventional phased array that provides only angle-dependent transmit beampattern, Frequency Diverse Array (FDA) employs a small frequency increment across its array elements to produce automatic beam scanning without requiring phase shifters or mechanical steering. FDA can produce both range-dependent and time-variant transmit beampatterns, which overcomes the disadvantages of conventional phased arrays that produce only angle-dependent beampattern. Thus, FDA has many promising applications. Based on a previous study conducted by the author, " Frequency Diverse Array Radar: Concept, Principle and Application” (Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2016, 38(4): 1000–1011), the current study introduces basic FDA radar concepts, principles, and application characteristics and reviews recent advances on FDA radar and its applications. In addition, several new promising applications of FDA technology are discussed, such as radar electronic warfare and radar-communications, as well as open technical challenges such as beampattern variance, effective receiver design, adaptive signal detection and estimation, and the implementation of practical FDA radar demos.
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图 2 频控阵发射波束的脉内与脉间时变性对比
Figure 2. Time-variance of FDA transmit beampattern in pulse duration and pulse repetition interval
图 3 不同非线性频偏时的频控阵发射方向图对比
Figure 3. Comparisons of transmit beampattern under different nonlinearly increasing frequency offsets
图 7 美国国防研究报告网站公开的基于频控阵的物理层安全通信试验平台
Figure 7. U.S. defense research report discloses a physical-layer safety communication test platform based on FDA
图 8 笔者研究团队研制的频控阵雷达信号源、天线，以及仿真与处理系统
Figure 8. FDA radar frequency synthesizer, antenna and software designed by the author’s research group
图 9 不同阵元数下相控阵与频控阵干扰多普勒域效果对比图
Figure 9. Comparisons of phased-array jamming and FDA jamming methods in Doppler domain
图 10 基于频控阵的雷达-通信一体化频偏设置方案示意图
Figure 10. Illustration of frequency offsets for FDA-based radar-communications
图 11 基于频控阵的雷达-通信一体化原理框图
Figure 11. Illustration of FDA-based radar-communication scheme
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