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Advancements in Research on Micro-motion Feature Extraction in the Terahertz Region
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摘要: 微动特征是目标探测与识别的重要辅助特征。随着近年来太赫兹研究的兴起，太赫兹雷达目标微动特征提取正在逐渐凸显出其特殊优势。本文首先对近年来国内外太赫兹频段雷达目标微动特征提取方面的研究进行整理总结，从太赫兹频段微动特性分析、微动特征提取和微动目标成像等几个方面进行了深入的介绍和分析。然后针对太赫兹频段的优势和特殊性，介绍了本单位在太赫兹微动目标特性分析、特征提取和高分辨高帧频成像方面的工作。最后对太赫兹雷达目标微动特征提取的发展趋势进行了展望，并分析了本领域值得进一步深入研究的技术方向和有待解决的技术难题。Abstract: With years of development and accumulation, a considerable amount of research has focused on micro-motion, an important auxiliary feature in radar target detection and recognition. With the recent rise of terahertz, micro-motion feature extraction in the terahertz region has increasingly highlighted its advantages. Herein, we systematically surveyed the recent research on terahertz radar micro-motion feature extraction and discussed micro-motion feature analysis, micro-motion feature extraction, and micro-motion target imaging. And then we emphatically introduced the work of our research team, including the theoretical and experimental research on micro-motion feature analysis, micro-motion feature extraction and high-resolution/high-frame micro-motion target imaging. Furthermore, we analyzed the growing trend of micro-motion feature extraction in the terahertz region, and pointed out the new technology directions worth to be studied further and the technical challenges to be solved.
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Key words:
- Terahertz radar /
- Micro-motion /
- Micro-Doppler /
- Feature extraction /
- Parameter estimation
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图 2 引擎启动(2700 r/min)的静止货车的微多普勒谱
Figure 2. Doppler spectrum of a stationary truck with its engine running at 2700 r/min
图 3 速度为2.6 m/s的履带车的回波多普勒谱
Figure 3. Doppler spectrum of a tracked vehicle target moving radially at 2.6 m/s
图 5 228 GHz雷达实物及其实验场景
Figure 5. 228 GHz heterodyne radar system and the experimental scene
图 8 生命信号时频分布质心及提取结果
Figure 8. The spectrogram of the time-frequency centroid and the parameter estimation result
图 9 太赫兹与X频段微多普勒比较(计算与仿真)
Figure 9. Micro-Doppler comparison between terahertz band and X band (calculation and simulation)
图 10 基于Radon变换的参数提取算法
Figure 10. The flow chart of micro-feature extraction algorithm based on Radon transform
图 11 目标微多普勒及其提取结果
Figure 11. Micro-Doppler distribution and the parameter extraction result
图 12 SNR为–11 dB时基于EMD方法的检测结果
Figure 12. Detection result of the method based on EMD under the situation of SNR equals –11 dB
图 13 两个摆动小球观测实验及其时频分布
Figure 13. Experiment on two swinging balls and the time-frequency distribution
图 14 太赫兹SAR平台振动补偿前后成像结果
Figure 14. Imaging results of Terahertz SAR before and after vibration compensation
图 16 振动补偿前后成像结果(SCR=10 dB)
Figure 16. Imaging results before and after vibration compensation (SCR=10 dB)
图 17 结构复用太赫兹雷达系统结构示意图
Figure 17. Schematic block diagram of the terahertz radar systems with reusable structure
图 19 某一微动散射中心的时频分布
Figure 19. Time-frequency distributions of a micro-motion scattering center
图 20 某一微动散射中心回波频谱
Figure 20. Spectrum of the echo signal of a micro-motion scattering center
图 21 某一微动散射中心时频分布的逆Radon变换结果
Figure 21. The inverse Radon transform of the time-frequency distribution of a micro-motion scattering center
图 24 基于时频拼接的微多普勒解模糊算法原理图
Figure 24. Schematic diagram of the algoritnm based on the spliced time-frequency image
图 25 基于时频拼接算法的微多普勒解模糊仿真结果(SNR=3 dB)
Figure 25. Simulation results of the algorithm based on the spliced time-frequency image (SNR=3 dB)
图 26 不同信噪比下的参数估计误差曲线
Figure 26. Relative errors of parameter estimation under different SNR
图 27 基于模值Hough变换的微多普勒解模糊算法原理图
Figure 27. Schematic diagram of the algoritnm based on the modulo Generalized Hough transform
图 28 基于模值Hough变换算法的微多普勒解模糊仿真结果(SNR=3 dB)
Figure 28. Simulation results of the algorithm based on the modulo generalized Hough transform (SNR=3 dB)
图 29 不同信噪比下的参数估计误差曲线
Figure 29. Relative errors of parameter estimation under different SNR
图 30 基于模值Hough变换的微多普勒解模糊算法原理图
Figure 30. Schematic diagram of the algorithm based on the modulo generalized Hough transform
图 31 220 GHz旋转角反射器实验场景
Figure 31. Experimental scene of the rotating corner reflectors at 220 GHz
图 32 基于脉内干涉的微多普勒解模糊实验结果
Figure 32. Experimental results of the algorithm based on the Intra-pulse Interference algorithm
图 33 不同信噪比下的参数估计误差曲线
Figure 33. Relative errors of parameter estimation under different SNR
图 35 220 GHz频段旋转粗糙圆柱目标时频分布
Figure 35. Time-frequency distributions of rough surface cylinders with 220 GHz system
图 36 太赫兹雷达粗糙旋转目标参数估计原理
Figure 36. Schematic diagram of parameter estimation of the rough surface rotating targets
图 40 振动补偿前后的方位向分辨率
Figure 40. Azimuth resolution before and after vibration compensation
图 41 太赫兹雷达微动弹头成像实验场景
Figure 41. Experimental scene of the precession warhead model based on a terahertz radar
图 42 太赫兹雷达微动弹头成像结果
Figure 42. Experimental results of the precession warhead model based on a terahertz radar
表 1 结构复用太赫兹雷达系统主要参数
Table 1. The main parameters of the 440 GHz terahertz radar system with reusable structure
工作频率(GHz) 中心频率(GHz) 带宽(GHz) 发射功率(mW) 倍频次数 工作温度(°) 存储温度(°) 217～227 222 10.0 10.0 Typ 16 +20～+40 0～+70 325.5～340.5 333 15.0 1.0 Typ 24 434～454 444 20.0 5.0 Typ 32 651～681 (设计) 666 30.0 — 48 1312～1352 (设计) 1332 40.0 — 96 
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