极化SAR目标散射旋转域解译理论与应用

陈思伟 李永祯 王雪松 肖顺平

陈思伟, 李永祯, 王雪松, 肖顺平. 极化SAR目标散射旋转域解译理论与应用[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(5): 442-455. doi: 10.12000/JR17033
引用本文: 陈思伟, 李永祯, 王雪松, 肖顺平. 极化SAR目标散射旋转域解译理论与应用[J]. 雷达学报, 2017, 6(5): 442-455. doi: 10.12000/JR17033
Chen Siwei, Li Yongzhen, Wang Xuesong, Xiao Shunping. Polarimetric SAR Target Scattering Interpretation in Rotation Domain: Theory and Application[J]. Journal of Radars, 2017, 6(5): 442-455. doi: 10.12000/JR17033
Citation: Chen Siwei, Li Yongzhen, Wang Xuesong, Xiao Shunping. Polarimetric SAR Target Scattering Interpretation in Rotation Domain: Theory and Application[J]. Journal of Radars, 2017, 6(5): 442-455. doi: 10.12000/JR17033

极化SAR目标散射旋转域解译理论与应用

doi: 10.12000/JR17033
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(41301490, 61490690, 61490692)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈思伟(1984–),男,四川人,博士,国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院讲师,主要研究方向包括雷达极化信息处理、成像雷达信息处理、目标散射建模与解译、微波遥感大数据、环境遥感与灾害遥感等。E-mail: chenswnudt@163.com

    李永祯(1977–),男,内蒙古人,博士,国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院研究员,电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室副主任,主要研究方向为新体制雷达与电子对抗。E-mail: e0061@sina.com

    王雪松(1972–),男,内蒙古人,博士,国防科技大学理学院院长,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为雷达极化信息处理、雷达目标识别、新体制雷达技术

    肖顺平(1964–),男,江西人,博士,国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院教授,博士生导师,电子信息系统复杂电磁环境效应国家重点实验室主任,主要研究方向包括雷达极化信息处理、电子信息系统仿真评估技术、雷达目标识别等

    通讯作者:

    陈思伟   chenswnudt@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TN957.52

Polarimetric SAR Target Scattering Interpretation in Rotation Domain: Theory and Application

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301490, 61490690, 61490692)
  • 摘要: 雷达目标的后向散射敏感于目标姿态与雷达视线的相对几何关系。雷达目标的这种散射多样性给以极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)为代表的成像雷达信息处理与应用造成诸多不便,是当前目标散射机理精细解译和定量应用面临的主要技术瓶颈之一。该文回顾并介绍一种在绕雷达视线旋转域解译目标散射机理的新思路,主要包括新近提出的统一的极化矩阵旋转理论和极化相干特征旋转域可视化解译理论。目标散射旋转域解译方法的核心思想是将特定几何关系下获得的目标信息拓展到绕雷达视线的旋转域,为目标散射信息深度挖掘和利用奠定基础。该文详细分析上述方法导出的一系列新的极化特征参数集,并开展应用验证。对比研究证实了旋转域解译方法在地物辨识与分类等领域的应用潜力。

     

  • 图  1  研究区域荷兰Flevoland

    Figure  1.  Study area of Flevoland, the Netherlands

    图  2  导出的极化角参数

    Figure  2.  Derived polarimetric angle parameters

    图  3  旋转域极化相干特征的可视化图示例

    Figure  3.  Illustration of polarimetric coherence pattern example

    图  4  极化相干特征旋转域优化前后对比图

    Figure  4.  Comparison of polarimetric coherence without and with optimization in rotation domain

    图  5  极化相干特征旋转域优化前后的统计分布图

    Figure  5.  Histograms of polarimetric coherence for full scene AIRSAR data

    图  6  AIRSAR数据中7种已知地物的旋转域极化相干特征的可视化图。(a1)–(a4) 茎豆,(b1)–(b4) 油菜,(c1)–(c4)豌豆,(d1)–(d4)土豆,(e1)–(e4)紫苜蓿,(f1)–(f4)小麦,(g1)–(g4)甜菜。其中,1–4分别代表 $\left| {{\gamma _{\left( {{\rm{HH}} + {\rm{VV}}} \right) - \left( {{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}} \right)}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$, $\left| {{\gamma _{\left( {{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}} \right) - \left( {{\rm{HV}}} \right)}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$, $\left| {{\gamma _{{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$和 $\left| {{\gamma _{{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{HV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$

    Figure  6.  Polarimetric coherence patterns of the seven crop types from AIRSAR data. (a1)–(a4)stembeans, (b1)–(b4)rapeseed, (c1)–(c4)peas, (d1)–(d4)potatoes, (e1)–(e4)lucerne, (f1)–(f4)wheat and (g1)–(g4)beet. The numbers 1–4 indicate $\left| {{\gamma _{\left( {{\rm{HH}} + {\rm{VV}}} \right) - \left( {{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}} \right)}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$, $\left| {{\gamma _{\left( {{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}} \right) - \left( {{\rm{HV}}} \right)}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$, $\left| {{\gamma _{{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$ and $\left| {{\gamma _{{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{HV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$, respectively

    图  7  旋转域极化相干特征典型值对比图

    Figure  7.  Errorbar plots of typical polarimetric coherence parameters

    图  8  旋转域极化相干度对比图

    Figure  8.  Errorbar plots for polarimetric coherence degree in rotation domain

    图  9  旋转域极化相干起伏度对比图

    Figure  9.  Errorbar plots of polarimetric coherence fluctuation in rotation domain

    图  10  旋转域极化相干对比度对比图

    Figure  10.  Errorbar plots of polarimetric coherence contrast in rotation domain

    图  11  旋转域极化相干宽度对比图

    Figure  11.  Errorbar plots of polarimetric coherence beamwidth ${\rm{B}}{{\rm{W}}_{0.95}}$ in rotation domain

    图  12  旋转域极化相干特征最大化角对比图

    Figure  12.  Errorbar plots of maximum rotation angles ${\theta _{\gamma {\rm{ - }}\max }}$ (in deg) which produce maximized coherence in rotation domain

    图  13  旋转域极化相干特征最小化角对比图

    Figure  13.  Errorbar plots of minimum rotation angles ${\theta _{\gamma {\rm{ - }}\min }}$ (in deg) which produce minimized coherence in rotation domain

    图  14  基于极化特征组合的农作物辨识结果

    Figure  14.  Crops discrimination results based on combinations of derived polarimetric parameters

    表  1  旋转域极化相干矩阵的振荡参数集[40]

    Table  1.   Oscillation parameter set of polarimetric coherence matrix in rotation domain

    元素项 $A = \sqrt \cdot $ B $\omega $ ${\theta _0} = \displaystyle \frac{1}{\omega }{\rm{Angle}}\left\{ \cdot \right\}$
    ${\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}\left( \theta \right)} \right]$ ${{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{12}}} \right] + {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{13}}} \right]$ 0 2 ${\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{13}}} \right] + j{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}} \right]$
    ${\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{13}}\left( \theta \right)} \right]$ ${{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{12}}} \right] + {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{13}}} \right]$ 0 2 $ - {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}} \right] + j{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{13}}} \right]$
    ${\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}\left( \theta \right)} \right]$ ${{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{12}}} \right] + {{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{13}}} \right]$ 0 2 ${\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{13}}} \right] + j{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}} \right]$
    ${\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{13}}\left( \theta \right)} \right]$ ${{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{12}}} \right] + {{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{13}}} \right]$ 0 2 $ - {\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}} \right] + j{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{13}}} \right]$
    ${\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{23}}\left( \theta \right)} \right]$ $\frac{1}{4}{\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)^2} + {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]$ 0 4 $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right) + j{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]$
    ${T_{22}}\left( \theta \right)$ $\frac{1}{4}{\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)^2} + {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]$ $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{T_{22}} + {T_{33}}} \right)$ 4 ${\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{23}}} \right] + j\frac{1}{2}\left( {{T_{22}} - {T_{33}}} \right)$
    ${T_{33}}\left( \theta \right)$ $\frac{1}{4}{\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)^2} + {{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]$ $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{T_{22}} + {T_{33}}} \right)$ 4 $ - {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{23}}} \right] + j\frac{1}{2}\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)$
    ${\left| {{T_{12}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|^2}$ ${{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{12}}T_{13}^ * } \right] + \frac{1}{4}{\left( {{{\left| {{T_{13}}} \right|}^2} - {{\left| {{T_{12}}} \right|}^2}} \right)^2}$ $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\left| {{T_{12}}} \right|}^2} + {{\left| {{T_{13}}} \right|}^2}} \right)$ 4 ${\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}T_{13}^ * } \right] + j\frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\left| {{T_{12}}} \right|}^2} - {{\left| {{T_{13}}} \right|}^2}} \right)$
    ${\left| {{T_{13}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|^2}$ ${{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{12}}T_{13}^ * } \right] + \frac{1}{4}{\left( {{{\left| {{T_{13}}} \right|}^2} - {{\left| {{T_{12}}} \right|}^2}} \right)^2}$ $\frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\left| {{T_{12}}} \right|}^2} + {{\left| {{T_{13}}} \right|}^2}} \right)$ 4 $ - {\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{12}}T_{13}^ * } \right] + j\frac{1}{2}\left( {{{\left| {{T_{13}}} \right|}^2} - {{\left| {{T_{12}}} \right|}^2}} \right)$
    ${\left| {{T_{23}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|^2}$ $\frac{1}{4}{\left\{ {\frac{1}{4}{{\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)}^2} + {{{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} }^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]} \right\}^2}$ $\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{2}\left\{ {\frac{1}{4}{{\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)}^2} + {{{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} }^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]} \right\}\\\quad + {{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} ^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right]\end{array}$ 8 $\begin{array}{l}\frac{1}{2}\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right){\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} \left[ {{T_{23}}} \right] \\\quad+ j\frac{1}{2}\left[ {{{{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} }^2}\left[ {{T_{23}}} \right] - \frac{1}{4}{{\left( {{T_{33}} - {T_{22}}} \right)}^2}} \right]\end{array}$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  AIRSAR数据极化相干特征旋转域优化前后对比结果

    Table  2.   Comparison of polarimetric coherence without and with optimization in rotation domain for AIRSAR data

    极化相干特征 原始值均值 最优值均值 增强百分比(%)
    $\left| {{\gamma _{\left( {{\rm{HH}} + {\rm{VV}}} \right) - \left( {{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}} \right)}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$ 0.30 0.33 10.00
    $\left| {{\gamma _{\left( {{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}} \right) - {\rm{HV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$ 0.11 0.48 336.36
    $\left| {{\gamma _{{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{VV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$ 0.35 0.64 82.86
    $\left| {{\gamma _{{\rm{HH}} - {\rm{HV}}}}\left( \theta \right)} \right|$ 0.13 0.45 246.15
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2017-03-28
  • 修回日期:  2017-06-28
  • 网络出版日期:  2017-10-28

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