分布式星载SAR系统时间同步和波束同步误差分析

李航舰; 王宇; 邓云凯; 王伟; 张衡

doi:10.12000/JR17028

分布式星载SAR系统时间同步和波束同步误差分析

doi: 10.12000/JR17028

李航舰^1,2, ,,
王宇^1,2,,
邓云凯^1,,
王伟^1,,
张衡^1,2,

①.
中国科学院电子学研究所北京 100190
②.
中国科学院大学北京 100039

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金（61422113），国家万人计划青年拔尖人才，中科院百人计划

详细信息

作者简介:
李航舰(1990–)，男，河北人，中国科学院电子学研究所通信与信息系统专业硕士研究生，研究方向为星载SAR系统同步技术。E-mail: lihangjian14@mails.ucas.ac.cn

王宇：王宇(1980–)，男，河南人，现为中国科学院电子学研究所研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为SAR系统设计与信号处理技术。E-mail: yuwang@mail.ie.ac.cn

邓云凯(1962–)，男，研究员，现为中国科学院电子学研究所研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达系统设计。E-mail: ykdeng@mail.ie.ac.cn

王伟：王伟(1985–)，男，河北人，毕业于中国科学院电子学研究所，获得博士学位，现为中国科学院电子学研究所助理研究员，研究方向为新体制星载SAR系统设计和信号处理。E-mail: ww_nudt@sina.com

张衡：张衡(1990–)，男，山东人，中国科学院电子学研究所通信与信息系统专业博士研究生，研究方向为双基信号处理技术。E-mail: caszhmail@163.com

通讯作者:
李航舰 lihangjian14@mails.ucas.ac.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-16
- 修回日期: 2017-05-11
- 网络出版日期: 2018-04-28

Analysis of Time and Beam Synchronization Errors for Distributed Spaceborne SAR System

Li Hangjian^{1,2
, ,},
Wang Robert^{1,2
,},
Deng Yunkai^1
,,
Wang Wei^1
,,
Zhang Heng^{1,2
,}

①.
Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
②.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61422113), The National Ten Thousand Talent Program-Young Top Notch Talent Program, The Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

摘要: 三大同步是分布式星载SAR系统需要解决的关键问题之一。该文系统分析了时间同步和波束同步误差对分布式星载SAR系统的影响，时间同步部分首先推导了时间同步误差对成像的影响，其次基于时间同步误差模型和脉冲对传相位同步模型，分析时间同步和相位同步导致的相位误差之间的关系，波束同步部分基于星载双基SAR系统的不同姿态导引方式，分析波束指向误差和卫星姿态误差对合成天线方向图的影响，以及对多普勒去相干的影响，最后分析波束同步误差对距离向重叠幅宽的影响。仿真结果验证了本文理论分析的正确性，分析结果可以为分布式星载SAR的系统设计提供重要指导。
- 分布式星载SAR /
- 时间同步 /
- 波束同步 /
- 误差分析
Abstract: Synchronization is a key problem in distributed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems. In this paper, we perform a complex mathematical deduction and then analyze the influences of time synchronization on the SAR imaging and interferometric process. We discuss the relationship between time and phase synchronization, considering that different oscillators in separated transmitters and receivers lead to both time and phase synchronization errors. With respect to beam synchronization, we present the effects of the accuracies of beam pointing and satellite attitude on the antenna gain, based on the attitude-steering strategy, which involves azimuth weighting of the Doppler spectra for independent zero-Doppler beam steering. We also analyze the influences of beam synchronization on Doppler decorrelation, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and overlapping swath error. We conduct simulations to validate the analysis results. Our findings provide guidance for system design.
- Distributed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Time synchronization /
- Beam synchronization /
- Error analysis

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图 1 卫星姿态对系统的影响

Figure 1. Impacts of yaw angle, pitch angle and roll angle

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图 2 仅辅星进行多普勒导引

Figure 2. The first attitude steering strategy

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图 3 主星辅星分别进行多普勒导引

Figure 3. The second attitude steering strategy

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图 4 顺轨基线对相干系数的影响

Figure 4. Contributions to correlation coefficient versus along-track baseline

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图 5 无误差的波束覆盖情况

Figure 5. No beam pointing error case

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图 6 有误差的波束覆盖情况

Figure 6. Beam pointing error exists case

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图 7 固定时间误差影响仿真

Figure 7. Constant time error simulations

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图 8 回波域相位补偿后的结果

Figure 8. Time error simulations after compensation in echo domain

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图 9 波束指向引起的合成天线方向图增益损失

Figure 9. Gain loss versus beam pointing accuracy

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图 10 波束指向引起的相干系数变化

Figure 10. Coherent coefficient versus beam pointing accuracy

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图 11 卫星姿态引起的合成天线方向图增益损失

Figure 11. Gain loss versus satellite attitude accuracy

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图 12 卫星姿态引起的合成天线方向图增益损失

Figure 12. Coherent coefficient versus satellite attitude accuracy

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图 13 波束指向和卫星姿态对天线增益的综合影响

Figure 13. Overall influence on antenna gain versus beam pointing accuracy and attitude accuracy

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图 14 波束指向和卫星姿态对相干系数的综合影响

Figure 14. Overall influence on coherent coefficient versus beam pointing accuracy and attitude accuracy

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图 15 波束指向对重叠幅宽的影响

Figure 15. Overlapping swath error versus beam pointing accuracy

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图 16 横滚角对重叠幅宽的影响

Figure 16. Overlapping swath error versus roll angle

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图 17 横滚角和波束指向对重叠幅宽的影响

Figure 17. Overlapping swath error versus roll angle and beam pointing error

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表 1 仿真参数表

Table 1. Simulation parameters

参数	数值
载频(GHz)	1.30
卫星高度(km)	700
方位向天线长度(m)	6
脉冲宽度(μs)	80
距离向带宽(MHz)	100
PRF(Hz)	1600
卫星有效速度(m/s)	7500
距离向波束指向精度(°)	0.06
方位向波束指向精度(°)	0.05
姿态控制精度(°)	0.02
顺轨基线(km)	3

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表 2 波束同步误差造成的辅星图像信噪比损失(dB)

Table 2. Influence of beam synchronization error on SNR (dB)

波束指向精度(°)	姿态控制精度(°)
波束指向精度(°)	0.01	0.02
0.01	0.021	0.025
0.02	0.028	0.032
0.03	0.036	0.039
0.04	0.046	0.048
0.05	0.055	0.057

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表 3 波束同步误差对重叠幅宽的影响(m)

Table 3. Influence of beam synchronization error to overlapping area (m)

波束指向精度(°)	姿态控制精度(°)
波束指向精度(°)	0.01	0.02
0.01	260	411
0.02	411	520
0.03	582	663
0.04	759	823
0.05	938	991
0.06	1119	1164

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