分布式星载SAR系统时间同步和波束同步误差分析

李航舰; 王宇; 邓云凯; 王伟; 张衡

doi:10.12000/JR17028

分布式星载SAR系统时间同步和波束同步误差分析

DOI: 10.12000/JR17028

李航舰^1,2, ,,
王宇^1,2,,
邓云凯^1,,
王伟^1,,
张衡^1,2,

①.
中国科学院电子学研究所北京 100190
②.
中国科学院大学北京 100039

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金（61422113），国家万人计划青年拔尖人才，中科院百人计划

详细信息

作者简介:
李航舰(1990–)，男，河北人，中国科学院电子学研究所通信与信息系统专业硕士研究生，研究方向为星载SAR系统同步技术。E-mail: lihangjian14@mails.ucas.ac.cn

王宇：王宇(1980–)，男，河南人，现为中国科学院电子学研究所研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为SAR系统设计与信号处理技术。E-mail: yuwang@mail.ie.ac.cn

邓云凯(1962–)，男，研究员，现为中国科学院电子学研究所研究员，博士生导师，研究方向为星载合成孔径雷达系统设计。E-mail: ykdeng@mail.ie.ac.cn

王伟：王伟(1985–)，男，河北人，毕业于中国科学院电子学研究所，获得博士学位，现为中国科学院电子学研究所助理研究员，研究方向为新体制星载SAR系统设计和信号处理。E-mail: ww_nudt@sina.com

张衡：张衡(1990–)，男，山东人，中国科学院电子学研究所通信与信息系统专业博士研究生，研究方向为双基信号处理技术。E-mail: caszhmail@163.com

通讯作者:
李航舰 lihangjian14@mails.ucas.ac.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 2992
- HTML全文浏览量: 807
- PDF下载量: 639
- 被引次数: 6
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-16
- 修回日期: 2017-05-11
- 网络出版日期: 2018-04-28

Analysis of Time and Beam Synchronization Errors for Distributed Spaceborne SAR System

Li Hangjian^{1,2
, ,},
Wang Robert^{1,2
,},
Deng Yunkai^1
,,
Wang Wei^1
,,
Zhang Heng^{1,2
,}

①.
Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
②.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61422113), The National Ten Thousand Talent Program-Young Top Notch Talent Program, The Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要

摘要: 三大同步是分布式星载SAR系统需要解决的关键问题之一。该文系统分析了时间同步和波束同步误差对分布式星载SAR系统的影响，时间同步部分首先推导了时间同步误差对成像的影响，其次基于时间同步误差模型和脉冲对传相位同步模型，分析时间同步和相位同步导致的相位误差之间的关系，波束同步部分基于星载双基SAR系统的不同姿态导引方式，分析波束指向误差和卫星姿态误差对合成天线方向图的影响，以及对多普勒去相干的影响，最后分析波束同步误差对距离向重叠幅宽的影响。仿真结果验证了本文理论分析的正确性，分析结果可以为分布式星载SAR的系统设计提供重要指导。
- 分布式星载SAR /
- 时间同步 /
- 波束同步 /
- 误差分析
Abstract: Synchronization is a key problem in distributed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems. In this paper, we perform a complex mathematical deduction and then analyze the influences of time synchronization on the SAR imaging and interferometric process. We discuss the relationship between time and phase synchronization, considering that different oscillators in separated transmitters and receivers lead to both time and phase synchronization errors. With respect to beam synchronization, we present the effects of the accuracies of beam pointing and satellite attitude on the antenna gain, based on the attitude-steering strategy, which involves azimuth weighting of the Doppler spectra for independent zero-Doppler beam steering. We also analyze the influences of beam synchronization on Doppler decorrelation, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and overlapping swath error. We conduct simulations to validate the analysis results. Our findings provide guidance for system design.
- Distributed Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) /
- Time synchronization /
- Beam synchronization /
- Error analysis

HTML全文

图 1 卫星姿态对系统的影响

Figure 1. Impacts of yaw angle, pitch angle and roll angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 仅辅星进行多普勒导引

Figure 2. The first attitude steering strategy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 主星辅星分别进行多普勒导引

Figure 3. The second attitude steering strategy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 顺轨基线对相干系数的影响

Figure 4. Contributions to correlation coefficient versus along-track baseline

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 无误差的波束覆盖情况

Figure 5. No beam pointing error case

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 有误差的波束覆盖情况

Figure 6. Beam pointing error exists case

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 固定时间误差影响仿真

Figure 7. Constant time error simulations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 回波域相位补偿后的结果

Figure 8. Time error simulations after compensation in echo domain

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 波束指向引起的合成天线方向图增益损失

Figure 9. Gain loss versus beam pointing accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 波束指向引起的相干系数变化

Figure 10. Coherent coefficient versus beam pointing accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 卫星姿态引起的合成天线方向图增益损失

Figure 11. Gain loss versus satellite attitude accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 卫星姿态引起的合成天线方向图增益损失

Figure 12. Coherent coefficient versus satellite attitude accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 波束指向和卫星姿态对天线增益的综合影响

Figure 13. Overall influence on antenna gain versus beam pointing accuracy and attitude accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 波束指向和卫星姿态对相干系数的综合影响

Figure 14. Overall influence on coherent coefficient versus beam pointing accuracy and attitude accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 波束指向对重叠幅宽的影响

Figure 15. Overlapping swath error versus beam pointing accuracy

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 横滚角对重叠幅宽的影响

Figure 16. Overlapping swath error versus roll angle

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 横滚角和波束指向对重叠幅宽的影响

Figure 17. Overlapping swath error versus roll angle and beam pointing error

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 仿真参数表

Table 1. Simulation parameters

参数	数值
载频(GHz)	1.30
卫星高度(km)	700
方位向天线长度(m)	6
脉冲宽度(μs)	80
距离向带宽(MHz)	100
PRF(Hz)	1600
卫星有效速度(m/s)	7500
距离向波束指向精度(°)	0.06
方位向波束指向精度(°)	0.05
姿态控制精度(°)	0.02
顺轨基线(km)	3

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 波束同步误差造成的辅星图像信噪比损失(dB)

Table 2. Influence of beam synchronization error on SNR (dB)

波束指向精度(°)	姿态控制精度(°)
波束指向精度(°)	0.01	0.02
0.01	0.021	0.025
0.02	0.028	0.032
0.03	0.036	0.039
0.04	0.046	0.048
0.05	0.055	0.057

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 波束同步误差对重叠幅宽的影响(m)

Table 3. Influence of beam synchronization error to overlapping area (m)

波束指向精度(°)	姿态控制精度(°)
波束指向精度(°)	0.01	0.02
0.01	260	411
0.02	411	520
0.03	582	663
0.04	759	823
0.05	938	991
0.06	1119	1164

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(25)

[1]	Curlander J C and Mcdonough R N. Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing[M]. New York: Wiley, 1991, 2077: 3–7.
[2]	Krieger G, Hajnsek I, Papathanassiou K P, et al. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions employing formation flying[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2010, 98(5): 816–843. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2038948
[3]	Wang Wen-qin. GPS-based time & phase synchronization processing for distributed SAR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2009, 45(3): 1040–1051. DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2009.5259181
[4]	Krieger G and Younis M. Impact of oscillator noise in bistatic and multistatic SAR[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2006, 3(3): 424–428. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2006.874164
[5]	Rutman J. Characterization of phase and frequency instabilities in precision frequency sources: Fifteen years of progress[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1978, 66(9): 1048–1075. DOI: 10.1109/PROC.1978.11080
[6]	Wang W Q, Cai J Y, and Yang Y W. Extracting phase noise of microwave and millimetre-wave signals by deconvolution[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science,Measurement and Technology, 2006, 153(1): 7–12. DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20050013
[7]	Krieger G, Moreira A, Fiedler H, et al. TanDEM-X: A satellite formation for high-resolution SAR interferometry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(11): 3317–3341. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2007.900693
[8]	Eineder M. Ocillator clock drift compensation in bistatic interferometric SAR[C]. Proceedings of 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Toulouse, France, 2003: 1449–1451.
[9]	Younis M, Metzig R, Krieger G, et al.. Performance prediction and verification for the synchronization link of TanDEM-X[C]. Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 2007: 5206–5209.
[10]	Younis M, Metzig R, and Krieger G. Performance prediction of a phase synchronization link for bistatic SAR[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2006, 3(3): 429–433. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2006.874163
[11]	He Zhi-hua, Jin Guang-hu, Feng He, et al.. Phase synchronization method for distributed spaceborne fmcw SAR system[J]. Proceedings of 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,Beijing,China, 2016: 1776–7379. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2016.7730924
[12]	Marquez J, Mak K, Notter M, et al.. Design of passive non-cooperative spaceborne SAR payloads-challenges and strategies[C]. Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Hamburg, Germany, 2016: 1138–1143.
[13]	Zhang Yong-sheng, Liang Dian-nong, and Dong Zhen. Analysis of time and frequency synchronization errors in spaceborne parasitic InSAR system[C]. Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Dresden, Germany, 2006: 3047–3050.
[14]	Cherniakov M. Bistatic Radars: Emerging Technology[M]. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[15]	Knedlik S, Loffeld O, and Gebhardt U. On position and attitude determination requirements for future bistatic SAR experiments[C]. Proceedings of 2006 IEEE International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2006: 1216–1219.
[16]	D’Errico M and Moccia A. Attitude and antenna pointing design of bistatic radar formations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2003, 39(3): 949–960. DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2003.1238748
[17]	Wang Wen-qin. Clock timing jitter analysis and compensation for bistatic synthetic aperture radar systems[J]. Fluctuation and Noise Letters, 2007, 7(3): L341–L350. DOI: 10.1142/S0219477507003982
[18]	杨威, 李春升, 陈杰, 等. 时钟同步对星载多通道合成孔径雷达成像影响[J]. 电波科学学报, 2011, 26(4): 636–640. DOI: 10.13443/j.cjors.2011.04.012 Yang Wei, Li Chun-sheng, Chen Jie, et al. Effects of time synchronization on image quality of spaceborne multi-channels SAR[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2011, 26(4): 636–640. DOI: 10.13443/j.cjors.2011.04.012
[19]	何志华. 分布式卫星SAR半实物仿真关键技术研究[D]. [博士论文], 国防科学技术大学, 2011. He Zhi-hua. Study on key techniques of distributed spaceborne SAR hardware-in-the-loop simulation[D]. [Ph.D. dissertation], National University of Defense Technology, 2011.
[20]	眭明. 星机双基地SAR同步技术研究[D]. [硕士论文], 电子科技大学, 2014. Sui Ming. Research on synchronization for spaceborne/ airborne bistatic hybrid SAR[D]. [Master dissertation], University of Electronics Science and Technology of China, 2014.
[21]	周鹏, 皮亦鸣, 戴永寿, 等. 星机双基地SAR的时间同步误差分析[J]. 电子学报, 2011, 39(6): 1467–1470 Zhou Peng, Pi Yi-ming, Dai Yong-shou, et al. Analysis of time synchronization errors in spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic SAR[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2011, 39(6): 1467–1470
[22]	Cumming I G and Wong F H. Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Algorithms and Implementation[M]. Norwood, MA, USA: Artech House, 2005.
[23]	Wang Wen-qing. Inflight antenna pattern measurement for bistatic synthetic aperture radar systems[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2007, 6(11): 432–435. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2007.905013
[24]	Geudtner D, Zink M, Gierull C, et al. Interferometric alignment of the X-SAR antenna system on the space shuttle radar topography mission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2002, 40(5): 995–1006. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1010887
[25]	张永俊, 黄海风, 张永胜, 等. 最大相干波束同步方法及其性能验证研究[J]. 电子学报, 2012, 40(8): 1564–1571. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2012.08.011 Zhang Yong-jun, Huang Hai-feng, Zhang Yong-sheng, et al. Maximum coherenc illumination synchronization method and its performance verification[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2012, 40(8): 1564–1571. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2012.08.011

施引文献

期刊类型引用(3)

1.	宋永坤，晏天兴，张可，刘显，戴永鹏，金添. 基于点云时空特征的超宽带雷达轻量化人体行为识别方法. 雷达学报(中英文). 2025(01): 1-15 . 百度学术
2.	张锐，龚汉钦，宋瑞源，李亚东，卢智，张东恒，胡洋，陈彦. 基于4D成像雷达的隔墙人体姿态重建与行为识别研究. 雷达学报(中英文). 2025(01): 44-61 . 百度学术
3.	陈彦，张锐，李亚东，宋瑞源，耿瑞旭，龚汉钦，汪斌全，张东恒，胡洋. 基于无线信号的人体姿态估计综述. 雷达学报(中英文). 2025(01): 229-247 . 百度学术