雷达极化技术研究现状与展望

王雪松

doi:10.12000/JR16039

雷达极化技术研究现状与展望

DOI: 10.12000/JR16039

王雪松^,

(国防科学技术大学长沙 410073)

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(61490690, 61490693, 61302143)

详细信息

作者简介:
王雪松(1972–),男,内蒙古人,博士,教授,国防科技大学理学院院长,主要研究方向为极化信息处理、雷达目标识别、新体制雷达技术。E-mail：wangxuesong@nudt.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王雪松wxs1019@vip.sina.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 4600
- HTML全文浏览量: 1186
- PDF下载量: 2167
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-02-16
- 修回日期: 2016-04-14
- 网络出版日期: 2016-04-28

Status and Prospects of Radar Polarimetry Techniques

Wang Xuesong^,

(National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)

Funds:

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61490690, 61490693, 61302143)

摘要

摘要: 雷达极化学是研究雷达波与目标相互作用过程中的变极化效应、揭示其作用机理的一门应用基础科学，在微波遥感、对地勘察、气象探测、战场侦察、抗干扰、目标识别等领域有重大应用前景。该文简要回顾了雷达极化理论与技术的发展历程，综述了雷达极化信息精确获取、极化敏感阵列信号处理、目标极化特性、极化抗干扰、目标极化分类识别等关键技术的研究现状，最后对雷达极化技术的发展做了展望。
- 极化雷达 /
- 雷达成像 /
- 极化精密测量 /
- 极化校准 /
- 极化滤波 /
- 目标识别 /
- 抗干扰
Abstract: Radar polarimetry is an applied fundamental science field that is focused on understanding interaction processes between radar waves and targets and disclosing their mechanisms. Radar polarimetry has significant application prospects in the fields of microwave remote sensing, earth observation, meteorological measurement, battlefield reconnaissance, anti-interference, target recognition, and so on. This study briefly reviews the development history of radar polarization theory and technology. Next, the state of the art of several key technologies within radar polarimetry, including the precise acquisition of radar polarization information, polarization-sensitive array signal processing, target polarization characteristics, polarization antiinterference, and target polarization classification and recognition, is summarized. Finally, the future developments of radar polarization technology are considered.
- Polarimetric radar /
- Radar imaging /
- Polarization precise measurement /
- Polarimetric calibration /
- Polarimetric filter /
- Target recognition /
- Anti-interference

HTML全文

参考文献(80)

[1]	Mott H著, 林昌禄译. 天线和雷达中的极化[M]. 成都: 电子科技大学出版社, 1989. Mott H. Polarization in Antennas and Eadars[M]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Press, 1989.
[2]	庄钊文, 肖顺平, 王雪松. 雷达极化信息处理及其应用[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1999. Zhuang Zhaowen, Xiao Shunping, and Wang Xuesong. Radar Polarization Information Processing and Application[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1999.
[3]	王雪松. 宽带极化信息处理的研究[D]. [博士论文], 国防科学技术大学研究生院, 1999. Wang Xue-song. Study on wideband polarization information processing[D]. [Ph.D. dissertation], Graduate School of National University of Defense Technology, 1999.
[4]	Sinclair G. The transmission and reception of elliptically polarized waves[J]. Proceedings of the IRE, 1950, 38(2): 148-151.
[5]	Kennaugh E M. Polarization properties of radar reflection[D]. Ohio State University, 1952.
[6]	Graves C D. Radar polarization power scattering matrix[J]. Proceedings of the IRE, 1956, 44(2): 248-252.
[7]	柯有安. 雷达散射矩阵与极化匹配接收[J]. 电子学报, 1963, (3): 1-11. Ke Youan. Radar scattering matrix and polarization matching Receive[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 1963, (3): 1-11.
[8]	Ke Y A and Liu Z W. Early studies on target models in China[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2001, 37(3): 1070-1075.
[9]	Huynen J R. Phenomenological theory of radar targets[D]. Delft University of Technology, 1970.
[10]	Kostinski A B and Boerner W M. On foundations of radar polarimetry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1986, 34(12): 1395-1404.
[11]	Boerner W M, Yan W L, Xi A Q, et al.. On the basic principles of radar polarimetry-the target characteristic polarization state theory of Kennaugh, Huynens polarization fork concept, and its extension to the partially polarized case[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1991, 79(10): 1538-1550.
[12]	Giuli D. Polarization diversity in radars[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1986, 74(2): 245-269.
[13]	van Zyl J J, Zebker H A, and Elachi C. Imaging radar polarization signatures: theory and observation[J]. Radio Science, 1987, 22(4): 529-543.
[14]	Zebker H A and Van Zyl J J. Imaging radar polarimetry: a review[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1991, 79(11): 1583-1606.
[15]	Weadon M, Heinselman P L, Forsyth D, et al.. Multifunction phased-array radar[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2009, 90(3): 385-389.
[16]	Weber M E, Cho J Y N, Herd J S, et al.. The next generation multi-mission U. S. Surveillance radar network[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2007, 88(11): 1739-1751.
[17]	Rodriguez-Cassola M, Prats P, Schulze D, et al.. First biostatic spaceborne SAR experiments with TanDEM-X[J]. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2012, 9(1): 33-37.
[18]	Shimada M, Tadono T, and Rosenqvist A. Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) and monitoring global environmental change[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2010, 98(5): 780-799.
[19]	Doviak R J, Bringi V, Ryzhkov, et al.. Considerations for polarimetric upgrades to operational WSR-88D radars[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2000, 17(3): 257-278.
[20]	Krasnov O A, Ligthart L P, Li Z, et al.. The PARSAX - full polarimetric FMCW radar with dual-orthogonal signals[C]. European Radar Conference, Delft, the Netherlands, 2008: 84-87.
[21]	陈思伟, 代大海, 李盾, 等. Radarsat-2 的系统组成及技术革新分析[J]. 航天电子对抗, 2008, 24(1): 33-36. Chen Si-wei, Dai Da-hai, Li Dun, et al.. Constitution and technical advancements of Radarsat-2[J]. Aerospace Electronic Warfare, 2008, 24(1): 33-36.
[22]	Stone M L and Banner G P. Radars for the detection and tracking of ballistic missiles, satellites, and Planets[J]. Lincoln Laboratory Journal, 2000, 12(2): 217-244.
[23]	Titin-Schnaider C and Attia S. Calibration of the MERIC full-polarimetric radar: theory and implementation[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2003, 7(8): 633-640.
[24]	杨建宇. 雷达技术发展规律和宏观趋势分析[J]. 雷达学报, 2012, 1(1): 19-27. Yang Jian-yu. Development laws and macro trends analysis of radar technology[J]. Journal of Radars, 2012, 1(1): 19-27.
[25]	Ventura J F I. Design of a high resolution X-band Doppler polarimetric weather radar[D]. Delft University of Technology, 2009.
[26]	Unal C M H. Spectral polarimetric radar clutter suppression to enhance atmospheric echoes[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2009, 26(9): 1781-1797.
[27]	Brunkow D, Bringi V N, Kennedy P C, et al.. A description of the CSU-CHILL national radar facility[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2000, 17(12): 1596-1608.
[28]	王雪松, 王剑, 王涛, 等. 雷达目标极化散射矩阵的瞬时测量方法[J]. 电子学报, 2006, 34(6): 1020-1025. Wang Xue-song, Wang Jian, Wang Tao, et al.. Instantaneous measurement of radar target polarization scattering matrix[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2006, 34(6): 1020-1025.
[29]	王雪松, 李永祯, 戴幻尧, 等. 瞬态极化雷达系统及实验研究[J]. 科学通报, 2010, 55(10): 938-944. Wang Xue-song, Li Yong-zhen, Dai Huan-yao, et al.. Research on instantaneous polarization radar system and external experiment[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(10): 937-944.
[30]	庄钊文, 徐振海, 肖顺平, 等. 极化敏感阵列信号处理[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2005. Zhuang Zhaowen, Xu Zhenhai, Xiao Shunping, et al.. Signal Processing of Polarization Sensitive Array[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2005.
[31]	徐友根, 刘志文, 龚晓峰. 极化敏感阵列信号处理[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2013. Xu Yougen, Liu Zhiwen, and Gong Xiaofeng. Signal Processing of Polarization Sensitive Array[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2013.
[32]	Showman G A, Melvin W L, and Belenkii M. Performance evaluation of two polarimetric STAP architectures[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, 2003: 59-65.
[33]	Ferro-Famil L, Cristallini D, Colone F, et al.. Exploiting polarization together with space-time adaptive processing for GMTI in high resolution SAR images[C]. Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, Aachen, Germany, 2010: 402-405.
[34]	Fante R L and Vaccaro J J. Evaluation of adaptive space-time-polarization cancellation of broadband interference[C]. Proceedings of the IEEE Position Location and Navigation Symposium, Palms Springs, California, USA, 2002.
[35]	Hurtado M, Xiao J J, and Nehorai A. Adaptive polarimetric design for target estimation, detection, and tracking[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2009, 26: 576-587.
[36]	Fulton C and Chappell W J. Calibration of a digital phased array for polarimetric radar[C]. The IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Anaheim, California, USA, 2010: 161-164.
[37]	Bencheikh M L and Wang Y. Combined esprit-rootmusic for DOA-DOD estimation in polarimetric bistatic MIMO radar[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 2011, 22: 109-117.
[38]	Pathak P H, Carluccio G, and Albani M. The uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and some of its applications[J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2013, 55(4): 41-69. [40] Aguilar G A and Pathak P H. A time domain formulation of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for scattering from a smooth convex surface[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, 61(10): 5144-5154.
[39]	Weinmann F. UTD shooting-and-bouncing extension to a PO/PTD ray tracing algorithm[J]. Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal, 2009, 24(3): 281-293.
[40]	Chew W C, Jin J M, and Song J M. Fast and Efficient Algorithms in Computational Electromagnetics[M]. Boston: Artech House, 2001.
[41]	胡俊, 聂在平, 王军, 等. 三维电大目标散射求解的多层快速多极子方法[J]. 电波科学学报, 2004, 19(5): 509-514. Hu Jun, Nie Zai-ping, Wang Jun, et al.. Multilevel fast multipole algorithm for solving scattering from 3-D electrically large object[J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science, 2004, 19(5): 509-514.
[42]	Ergul O and Gurel L. Efficient parallelization of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm for the solution of large-scale scatterig problems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2008, 56(8): 2335-2344.
[43]	Mortensen H B. Implementation of bistatic polarimetric calibration procedure for the EMSL[R]. European Microwave Signature Laboratory, 1995, 25.
[44]	Krogager E. Aspects of polarimetric radar imaging[D]. Technical University of Denmark, 1993.
[45]	Cameron W L, Youssef N N, and Leung L K. Simulated polarimetric signatures of primitive geometrical shapes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1996, 34(3): 793-803.
[46]	Freeman A and Durden S L. A three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1998, 36(3): 963-973.
[47]	Yamaguchi Y, Sato A, Boerner W M, et al.. Four-component scattering power decomposition with rotation of coherency matrix[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2011, 49(6): 2251-2258.
[48]	Cloude S R and Pottier E. A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1996, 34(2): 498-518.
[49]	Chen S W, Li Y Z, Wang X S, et al.. Modeling and interpretation of scattering mechanisms in polarimetric SAR: advances and perspectives[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2014, 31(4): 79-89.
[50]	Hurst M P and Mittra R. Scattering center analysis via pronys method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1987, 35(8): 986-988.
[51]	Potter L C, Chiang D M, and Carriere R. A GTD-based parametric model for radar scattering[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1995, 43(10): 1058-1067.
[52]	Potter L C and Moses R L. Attributed scattering centers for SAR ATR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 5(1): 79-91.
[53]	Gerry M J, Potter L C, and Gupta I J. A parametric model for synthetic aperture radar measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1999, 47(7): 1179-1188.
[54]	Jackson J A and Moses R L. Feature extraction algorithm for 3D scene modeling and visualization using monostatic SAR[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2006, 6237(1): 55-66.
[55]	李永祯, 肖顺平, 王雪松, 等. 雷达极化抗干扰技术[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2010. Li Yongzhen, Xiao Shunping, Wang Xuesong, et al.. Radar Polarization ECCM Technology[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2010.
[56]	Nathanson F E. Adaptive circular polarization[C]. IEEE International Radar Conference, Arlington, VA, USA, 1975: 221-225.
[57]	Moisseev D N, Unal C M H, Russchenberg H W J, et al.. Doppler polarimetric ground clutter identification and suppression for atmospheric radars based on co-polar correlation[C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications, 2000, 1: 94-97.
[58]	Unal C M H and Moisseev D N. Combined doppler and polarimetric radar measurements: correction for spectrum aliasing and non-simultaneous polarimetric measurements[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2004, 21(3): 443-456.
[59]	张国毅, 刘永坦. 高频地波雷达的三维极化滤波[J]. 电子学报, 2000, 28(9): 114-116. Zhang Guo-yi and Liu Yong-tan. Three dimension polarization filtering of HF ground wave radar[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2000, 28(9): 114-116.
[60]	张国毅, 刘永坦. 高频地波雷达多干扰的极化抑制[J]. 电子学报, 2001, 29(9): 1206-1209. Zhang Guo-yi and Liu Yong-tan. Polarization suppression of multidisturbance in HF ground wave radar[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2001, 29(9): 1206-1209.
[61]	任博, 施龙飞, 王洪军, 等. 抑制雷达主波束内GSM干扰的极化滤波方法研究[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2014, 36(2): 459-464. Ren Bo, Shi Long-fei, Wang Hong-jun, et al.. Investigation on of polarization filtering scheme to suppress GSM interference in radar main beam[J]. Journal of Electronics Information Technology, 2014, 36(2): 459-464.
[62]	Lombardo P, Pastina D, and Bucciarelli T. Adaptive polarimetric target detection with coherent radar. Part I: Detection against Gaussian background[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace Electronic Systems, 2001, 37(4): 1194-1206.
[63]	Lombardo P, Pastina D, and Bucciarelli T. Adaptive polarimetric target detection with coherent radar. Part II: Detection against non-Gaussian background[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2001, 37(4): 1207-1220.
[64]	庄钊文, 王雪松, 等, 雷达目标识别[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2015. Zhuang Zhaowen, Wang Xuesong, et al.. Radar Target Reorganization[M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2015.
[65]	肖顺平. 宽带极化雷达目标识别的理论与应用[D]. 国防科学技术大学, 1995. Xiao Shunping. The theory and application of target recognition for wideband polarimetric radar[D]. National University of Defense Technology, 1995.
[66]	肖顺平, 王雪松, 代大海, 等. 极化雷达成像处理及应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2013. Xiao Shunping, Wang Xuesong, Dai Dahai, et al.. Polarimetric Radar Imaging Processing and Application[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2013.
[67]	黄培康, 殷红成, 许小剑. 雷达目标特性[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2005. Huang Peikang, Yin Hongcheng, and Xu Xiaojian. Radar Target Characteristic[M]. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2005.
[68]	Jin Y Q. Theory and Approach of Information Retrievals from Electromagnetic Scattering and Remote Sensing[M]. Berlin Heidelberg, New York: Springer, 2005.
[69]	聂在平, 方大刚. 目标与环境电磁散射特性建模[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2009. Nie Zaiping and Fang Dagang. Modeling of Electromagnetic Scattering Characteristics of Target and Environment[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2009.
[70]	Chamberlain N F, Walton E K, and Garber F D. Radar target identification of aircraft using polarization-diverse features[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1991, 27(1): 58-67.
[71]	习远望, 张江华, 刘逸平. 空地导弹雷达导引头最新技术进展[J]. 火控雷达技术, 2010, 39(2): 17-22. Xi Yuan-wang, Zhang Jiang-hua, and Liu Yi-ping. The latest technique progress on air to ground radar seeker[J]. Fire Control Radar Technology, 2010, 39(2): 17-22.
[72]	Lee J S and Pottier E. Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications[M]. Boca Raton, US: CRC Press, 2009.
[73]	van Zyl J J and Kim Y. Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry[M]. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2011.
[74]	Cloude S R. Polarization Application in Remote Sensing[M]. New York, US: Oxford University Press, 2010.
[75]	Yamaguchi Y. Radar Polarimetry from Basics to Applications: Radar Remote Sensing Using Polarimetric Information[M]. IEICE Press, 2007.
[76]	Boerner W M. Recent advances in extra-wide-band polarimetry, interferometry and polarimetric interferometry in synthetic aperture remote sensing and its applications[J]. IEEE Proceedings-Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2003, 150(3): 113-124.
[77]	吴一戎, 洪文, 王彦平. 极化干涉SAR 的研究现状与启示[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2007, 29(5): 1258-1262. Wu Yi-rong, Hong Wen, and Wang Yan-ping. The currentstatus and implications of polarimetric SAR interferometry[J]. Journal of Electronics Information Technology, 2007, 29(5): 1258-1262.
[78]	吴一戎. 多维度合成孔径雷达成像概念[J]. 雷达学报, 2013, 2(2): 135-142. Wu Yi-rong. Concept of multidimensional space joint-observation SAR[J]. Journal of Radars, 2013, 2(2): 135-142.
[79]	Cloude S R and Papathanassiou K P. Polarimetric SAR interferometry[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 1998, 36(5): 1551-1565.
[80]	Reigber A. Airborne polarimetric SAR tomography[D]. University of Stuttgart, 2001.