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Journal of Radars
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2026
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| Citation: | WANG Siyuan, YUAN Hang, CHEN Yijun, et al. Range–Azimuth two-dimensional imaging method with single-mode vortex electromagnetic wave radar[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR25253
|
Range–Azimuth Two-Dimensional Imaging Method with Single-Mode Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Radar
DOI: 10.12000/JR25253 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25253
More Information-
Abstract
Owing to their inherent Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), vortex electromagnetic waves display a helical wavefront phase structure. Their echoes include an amplitude component modulated by Bessel functions and a phase component modulated by the azimuth angle of the target. By utilizing different OAM modes, the azimuthal scattering points of targets can be measured differentially, enabling high-resolution azimuth imaging. However, current methods require observing targets with multiple OAM modes. The inconsistency of Bessel function terms across modes causes azimuth imaging resolution to degrade. Additionally, the Bessel function term is influenced by the elevation angle of the scattering points, resulting in strong coupling between elevation and azimuth information. When the elevation angles change, compensation becomes challenging, further reducing azimuth resolution. To overcome these issues, this paper uses single-mode vortex electromagnetic waves to observe targets. By compensating the echo signals, the azimuth information of the scattering points is shifted from the phase to the amplitude, producing the desired single-mode signal. This method diminishes the effect of elevation angle variations on the amplitude component, thereby lessening their impact on azimuth imaging. At the same time, the amplitude time-delay is employed to locate the azimuth positions of the scattering points, enabling two-dimensional range–azimuth imaging based on the single-mode signal. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method achieves azimuth resolution close to the diffraction limit even with changing elevation angles, while maintaining strong imaging performance. -
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References
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- Figure 1. Observation model of vortex electromagnetic wave radar
- Figure 2. Effect of elevation angle difference on existing VEMW radar imaging model
- Figure 3. Effect of elevation angle difference on proposed VEMW radar imaging method
- Figure 4. Flowchart of the proposed 2-D imaging algorithm
- Figure 5. Ambiguity function of single scattering point
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Figure 6. Azimuth angle resolution of the proposed method as a function of
$ ka\sin {\theta }_{\text{P}} $ - Figure 7. Reconstruction results of target azimuth angle when dictionary elevation angle is unbiased
- Figure 8. Reconstruction results of target azimuth angle when dictionary elevation angle deviation is 0.01 rad
- Figure 9. Reconstruction results of target azimuth angle with different azimuth angle spacing
- Figure 10. Reconstruction results of target azimuth angle by proposed method varying with elevation angle spacing
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Figure 11. The variation of the actual azimuth resolution of the proposed method with the radar beam angle
$ \theta _{\text{T}}^{0} $ - Figure 12. Ambiguity functions under different OAM modes
- Figure 13. Reconstruction results of target azimuth angle under different OAM modes
- Figure 14. 2-D imaging results (scattering point elevation angle spacing 0.015 rad, dictionary elevation angle deviation 0.01 rad)
- Figure 15. 2-D imaging results (① Scattering point elevation angles are consistent, dictionary elevation angle is unbiased; ② Scattering point elevation angle spacing 0.015 rad, dictionary elevation angle deviation 0.01 rad)
- Figure 16. RMSE of 2-D imaging result by proposed method varying with SNR
- Figure 17. 2-D imaging results (dictionary elevation angle deviation 0.01 rad)
- Figure 18. 2-D imaging results (scattering point elevation angles are consistent; dictionary elevation angle is unbiased)
- Figure 19. 2-D imaging results by proposed method with different SNR
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Figure A1. The correlation coefficients of the vectors in different dictionary
$ {\boldsymbol{d}}_{e} $ $ {\theta }_{e} $