Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Radars  > 2026  > Proofreading [1st]
CHEN Jianlai, YANG Hao, ZHU Yucan, et al. Synthetic aperture positioning methods and performance comparison of ground moving radiating sources under single- and dual-station configurations[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR25177
Citation: CHEN Jianlai, YANG Hao, ZHU Yucan, et al. Synthetic aperture positioning methods and performance comparison of ground moving radiating sources under single- and dual-station configurations[J]. Journal of Radars, in press. doi: 10.12000/JR25177
shu

Synthetic Aperture Positioning Methods and Performance Comparison of Ground Moving Radiating Sources under Single- and Dual-station Configurations

DOI: 10.12000/JR25177 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25177
  • 1.

    School of Automation, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China

Funds:  The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271510, 62501649), Open Fund of the National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology
More Information
  • Corresponding author: JIANG Nan, nanjiang@csu.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 2025-09-16
    Available Online: 2026-01-26
    Abstract
  • In locating ground moving radiating sources, traditional passive positioning methods, such as direction of arrival (DOA), often rely on long-term observation and filtering, resulting in low positioning efficiency. Existing synthetic aperture–based positioning methods are primarily designed for stationary radiating sources, making high-precision positioning of moving sources difficult. To address this limitation, this paper proposes synthetic aperture–based fast positioning and velocity estimation methods for moving radiating sources under single- and dual-station positioning systems, respectively. The proposed methods establish an instantaneous slant range model of the radiating source and derive the mapping relationship between the positioning parameters (position and velocity) and the imaging parameters. Specifically, in the single-station scenario, the traditional second-order slant range model is extended to third order, and a third-order chirp rate is introduced to supplement the degrees of freedom, thereby enabling simultaneous estimation of position and velocity. In the dual-station scenario, an additional observation station is used to introduce two new imaging parameters, thereby further improving the rapidity and accuracy of positioning. To address the multi-solution problem inherent in the positioning equations, this paper proposes true-solution determination criteria for the single- and dual-station systems and presents an initialization strategy to ensure a unique solution for dual-station positioning. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how various factors affect the positioning accuracy of single- and dual-station models, compares the performance of the proposed single- and dual-station passive positioning models, and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms through simulations.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(32)
  • [1]
    吴癸周, 郭福成, 张敏. 信号直接定位技术综述[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9(6): 998–1013. doi: 10.12000/JR20040.

    WU Guizhou, GUO Fucheng, and ZHANG Min. Direct position determination: An overview[J]. Journal of Radars, 2020, 9(6): 998–1013. doi: 10.12000/JR20040.
    [2]
    吴癸周, 张源, 张文俊, 等. 基于互质阵列的运动单站信号直接定位方法[J]. 雷达学报, 2022, 11(4): 692–704. doi: 10.12000/JR22056.

    WU Guizhou, ZHANG Yuan, ZHANG Wenjun, et al. Coprime array based direct position determination of signals with single moving observation[J]. Journal of Radars, 2022, 11(4): 692–704. doi: 10.12000/JR22056.
    [3]
    王鼎, 张刚. 一种基于窄带信号多普勒频率测量的运动目标直接定位方法[J]. 电子学报, 2017, 45(3): 591–598. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2017.03.013.

    WANG Ding and ZHANG Gang. A direct localization method for moving narrowband source based on Doppler frequency shifts[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2017, 45(3): 591–598. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0372-2112.2017.03.013.
    [4]
    WEISS A J. Direct geolocation of wideband emitters based on delay and Doppler[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2011, 59(6): 2513–2521. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2011.2128311.
    [5]
    WEISS A J. Direct position determination of narrowband radio frequency transmitters[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2004, 11(5): 513–516. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2004.826501.
    [6]
    TIRER T and WEISS A J. High resolution direct position determination of radio frequency sources[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2016, 23(2): 192–196. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2015.2503921.
    [7]
    YIN Jiexin, WANG Ding, WU Ying, et al. Direct localization of multiple stationary narrowband sources based on angle and Doppler[J]. IEEE Communications Letters, 2017, 21(12): 2630–2633. doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2755656.
    [8]
    王鼎, 尹洁昕, 高路, 等. 一种协同二维DOA和TDOA观测量的超视距短波辐射源定位新方法[J]. 雷达学报(中英文), 2024, 13(6): 1135–1156. doi: 10.12000/JR24136.

    WANG Ding, YIN Jiexin, GAO Lu, et al. A novel cooperative positioning method for over-the-horizon shortwave emitter based on two-dimensional direction-of-arrival and time-difference-of-arrival measurements[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(6): 1135–1156. doi: 10.12000/JR24136.
    [9]
    YU Huagang, HUANG Gaoming, GAO Jun, et al. An efficient constrained weighted least squares algorithm for moving source location using TDOA and FDOA measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2012, 11(1): 44–47. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2011.102611.110728.
    [10]
    HO K C, LU Xiaoning, and KOVAVISARUCH L. Source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements in the presence of receiver location errors: Analysis and solution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2007, 55(2): 684–696. doi: 10.1109/TSP.2006.885744.
    [11]
    范祥玲. 运动单站测向定位技术研究[D]. [硕士论文], 华中科技大学, 2019. doi: 10.27157/d.cnki.ghzku.2019.002961.

    FAN Xiangling. Research on motion single station direction finding and positioning technology[D]. [Master dissertation], Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2019. doi: 10.27157/d.cnki.ghzku.2019.002961.
    [12]
    孙光才, 王裕旗, 高昭昭, 等. 一种基于短合成孔径的双星干涉精确定位方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2020, 42(2): 472–479. doi: 10.11999/JEIT180940.

    SUN Guangcai, WANG Yuqi, GAO Zhaozhao, et al. A dual satellite interferometric precise localization method based on short synthetic aperture[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2020, 42(2): 472–479. doi: 10.11999/JEIT180940.
    [13]
    孙霆, 董春曦, 毛昱. 一种基于半定松弛技术的TDOA-FDOA无源定位算法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2020, 42(7): 1599–1605. doi: 10.11999/JEIT190435.

    SUN Ting, DONG Chunxi, and MAO Yu. A TDOA-FDOA passive positioning algorithm based on the semi-definite relaxation technique[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2020, 42(7): 1599–1605. doi: 10.11999/JEIT190435.
    [14]
    XU Hao, CHANG Qing, and LANG Rongling. A two-step algorithm for locating the emitter by FDOA[C]. 2023 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 2023: 1–5. doi: 10.1109/ICCE56470.2023.10043390.
    [15]
    YEREDOR A. On passive TDOA and FDOA localization using two sensors with no time or frequency synchronization[C]. 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2013: 4066–4070. doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638423.
    [16]
    国强, 李文韬. 基于正则化约束总体最小二乘的TDOA/FDOA无源定位方法[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2022, 54(5): 81–87. doi: 10.11918/202012030.

    GUO Qiang and LI Wentao. Passive TDOA/FDOA location based on regularized constrained total least squares[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2022, 54(5): 81–87. doi: 10.11918/202012030.
    [17]
    LIN C M and HSUEH C S. Adaptive EKF-CMAC-based multisensor data fusion for maneuvering target[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2013, 62(7): 2058–2066. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2013.2247712.
    [18]
    OKELLO N, FLETCHER F, MUSICKI D, et al. Comparison of recursive algorithms for emitter localisation using TDOA measurements from a pair of UAVs[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2011, 47(3): 1723–1732. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2011.5937261.
    [19]
    徐海源, 苏成晓, 汪华兴. 一种融合时差频差和测向的运动目标跟踪方法[J]. 电讯技术, 2024, 64(2): 261–265. doi: 10.20079/j.issn.1001-893x.220609005.

    XU Haiyuan, SU Chengxiao, and WANG Huaxing. A moving target tracking method based on fusion of TDOA/FDOA/DOA[J]. Telecommunication Engineering, 2024, 64(2): 261–265. doi: 10.20079/j.issn.1001-893x.220609005.
    [20]
    徐海源, 苏成晓, 汪华兴. 基于时差的运动辐射源定位与测速方法[J]. 电子信息对抗技术, 2022, 37(4): 53–57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2230.2022.04.011.

    XU Haiyuan, SU Chengxiao, and WANG Huaxing. A method of mobile emitter localization and velocity estimation using TDOA Measurements[J]. Electronic Information Warfare Technology, 2022, 37(4): 53–57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2230.2022.04.011.
    [21]
    李腾, 郭福成, 姜文利. 星载干涉仪无源定位新方法及其误差分析[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2012, 34(3): 164–170. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2012.03.032.

    LI Teng, GUO Fucheng, and JIANG Wenli. A novel method for satellite-borne passive localization using interferometer and its error analysis[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2012, 34(3): 164–170. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-2486.2012.03.032.
    [22]
    张敏, 张文俊, 李曦, 等. 基于长基线干涉仪相位差的多站无源定位方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2023, 45(11): 3868–3876. doi: 10.11999/JEIT221362.

    ZHANG Min, ZHANG Wenjun, LI Xi, et al. Passive localization by multiple observers based on the phase difference of the arrival of a long baseline interferometer[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2023, 45(11): 3868–3876. doi: 10.11999/JEIT221362.
    [23]
    王裕旗, 孙光才, 杨军, 等. 基于长合成孔径的辐射源成像定位算法[J]. 雷达学报, 2020, 9(1): 185–194. doi: 10.12000/JR19080.

    WANG Yuqi, SUN Guangcai, YANG Jun, et al. Passive localization algorithm for radiation source based on long synthetic aperture[J]. Journal of Radars, 2020, 9(1): 185–194. doi: 10.12000/JR19080.
    [24]
    王裕旗, 孙光才, 邢孟道, 等. 合成孔径无源定位性能分析与参数设计[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2022, 44(9): 3155–3162. doi: 10.11999/JEIT210524.

    WANG Yuqi, SUN Guangcai, XING Mengdao, et al. Performance analysis and parameter design of synthetic aperture passive positioning[J]. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2022, 44(9): 3155–3162. doi: 10.11999/JEIT210524.
    [25]
    ZHANG Yuan, WU Guizhou, LI Xi, et al. Direct position determination based on passive synthetic aperture for coherent receivers[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2024, 24(11): 17917–17925. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3386869.
    [26]
    CHEN Bowei, WANG Yuqi, SUN Guangcai, et al. A long synthetic aperture passive localization method using two planes[C]. 2021 CIE International Conference on Radar, Haikou, China, 2021: 767–769. doi: 10.1109/Radar53847.2021.10028522.
    [27]
    ZHANG Liting, HUAN Hao, TAO Ran, et al. Emitter localization algorithm based on passive synthetic aperture[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2022, 58(4): 2687–2701. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2021.3137090.
    [28]
    YANG Huizhang, YANG Jian, and LIU Zhong. Localizing ground-based pulse emitters via synthetic aperture radar: Model and method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2023, 61: 5216714. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2023.3314018.
    [29]
    LIU Xing, HUAN Hao, and TAO Ran. Synthetic aperture positioning using subaperture interference[J]. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2025, 25(7): 11378–11391. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3532670.
    [30]
    HE Xinsheng, DENG Ming, CHAI Bingjie, et al. Synthetic aperture passive localization method based on slant range orthogonal expansion[J]. IEEE Journal on Miniaturization for Air and Space Systems, 2023, 4(3): 305–310. doi: 10.1109/JMASS.2023.3286271.
    [31]
    WANG Yuqi, SUN Guangcai, WANG Yong, et al. A high-resolution and high-precision passive positioning system based on synthetic aperture technique[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2022, 60: 5230613. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2022.3186767.
    [32]
    CHEN Jianlai, XIONG Rongqi, YU Hanwen, et al. Nonparametric full-aperture autofocus imaging for microwave photonic SAR[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2024, 62: 5214815. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2024.3411392.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索
    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML
    Article views(11) PDF downloads(1) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    京ICP备20021838号-14   Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd     百度统计

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return