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| Citation: | PAN Haoran, MA Hui, HU Dunfa, et al. Novel forward-looking three-dimensional imaging based on vortex electromagnetic wave radar[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(5): 1109–1122. doi: 10.12000/JR24123
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Novel Forward-looking Three-dimensional Imaging Based on Vortex Electromagnetic Wave Radar
DOI: 10.12000/JR24123 CSTR: 32380.14.JR24123
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Abstract
Vortex Electromagnetic Waves (VEMWs) have unique wavefront phase modulation characteristics. As a new degree of freedom in the diversity of radar transmitters, the VEMW Radar (VEMWR) provides Radar Cross-Section (RCS) diversity and improves signal and information processing dimensions and performances. The detection and imaging performances of VEMWR have been verified in various radar systems. This article focuses on the applying background of forward-looking radar imaging and proposes a time-division multiplemode scanning imaging method based on a Uniform Circular Array (UCA) system with multiple transmitters and a single receiver at the UCA center. First, we establish the forward-looking VEMWR imaging mode and corresponding signal mode. Next, an improved three-Dimensional (3D) back-projection and range-Doppler algorithm is proposed, which utilizes the magnitude difference at various elevation angles of multimode VEMW, phase difference at different azimuth angles, and Doppler effect resulting from the relative motion of the radar and target to achieve 3D imaging of the target. As the elevation angle increases, the beam pattern gain of the high-mode VEMW decreases sharply due to the energy divergence of the VEMW. The proposed method can maintain stability at low or high elevation angles using the energy distribution of multiple modes in the spatial domain. Imaging results of point targets revealed that the normalized gain of target-imaging results is equivalent either at low or high elevation angles within the multimode VEMW field of view. The proposed method is validated through experiments with an aircraft target. Based on the imaging results, it is verified that the proposed method can accurately reconstruct the 3D structure of complex targets. -
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References
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- Figure 1. Geometry of vortex radar forward-looking imaging
- Figure 2. The coordinate system of vortex radar forward-looking imaging
- Figure 3. Procedure of time division multiple modes
- Figure 4. Flowchart of the proposed imaging algorithm
- Figure 5. Gridding the imaging scenario
- Figure 6. The grid projection of range and elevation
- Figure 7. Rendering of array synthesis
- Figure 8. Amplitude modulation of Bessel functions
- Figure 9. Signal processing gain curves with different elevation (based on zero angle, normalized signal processing gain)
- Figure 10. Three-dimensional profiles of the target imaging results
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Figure 13. Point target 2 imaging results in different dimensions (
$ \theta =0.15\mathrm{\pi } $ - Figure 11. Imaging bias with different velocity bias
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Figure 12. Point target 1 imaging results in different dimensions (
$ \theta =0.1\mathrm{\pi } $ - Figure 14. Multi-object imaging results
- Figure 15. The scene of aircraft target experiment
- Figure 16. Pulse pressure results of measured data with different modes
- Figure 17. Three-dimensional image of the aircraft target
- Figure 18. Aircraft target imaging results in different dimensions