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| Citation: | XIE Xin, DENG Yunkai, YANG Zhijun, et al. Topography-assisted UAV InSAR image registration method with image partition[J]. Journal of Radars, 2024, 13(1): 116–133. doi: 10.12000/JR23182
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Topography-assisted UAV InSAR Image Registration Method with Image Partition
DOI: 10.12000/JR23182
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Abstract
Miniaturized and lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) provide a flexible platform for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). The application of UAV Interferometric SAR (InSAR) is gradually increasing in interferometric measurement fields. UAVs are small and light, which are easily affected by airflow disturbances. Their trajectories are nonlinear and unparallel when adopting the multipass mode for interferometry. The nonlinear and unparallel trajectories result in geometric distortion between the interferometric image pairs. Under complex topography conditions, the interferometric image pairs of UAVs have large offsets that are obviously space-dependent, thereby resulting in substantial technical challenges during image registration. Conventional image registration methods based on polynomial fitting are no longer applicable. In this study, we proposed an image registration method based on image partition with topography assistance. First, an elevation threshold is generated based on the UAV trajectories, and the measurement area is partitioned using the assisted topography. Then, a polynomial fitting model is constructed for offsets within each partition with constraints applied at the partition boundaries for joint optimization. Finally, continuous global offset fitting surfaces are obtained, and precise image registration is achieved by resampling the slave image. The effectiveness of the proposed method is preliminarily validated using real measurement data obtained from UAV InSAR in the P-band. -
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References
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- Figure 1. Conventional linear aperture SAR imaging geometry
- Figure 2. UAV SAR imaging geometry
- Figure 3. Motion component of the actual trajectory
- Figure 4. Simulation topography elevation
- Figure 5. Error between the iteration solution and the real projection point
- Figure 6. Error between the iterative solution and initial solution
- Figure 7. Projection geometry with motion error
- Figure 8. Relationship between the maximum slant range error and the target height with different the maximum motion error and the target ground distance
- Figure 9. UAV InSAR interferometric projection geometry
- Figure 10. Schematic diagram of match window and search window
- Figure 11. Flowchart of topography-assisted UAV InSAR registration method with image partition
- Figure 12. P-band UAV SAR system
- Figure 13. Jinhai Lake airport experiment scene
- Figure 14. Motion components of two trajectories in Jinhai Lake
- Figure 15. DEM results from SRTM of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 16. The imaging result of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 17. Coherence coefficient diagram and interferogram with 12 m baseline before registration of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 18. Threshold results of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 19. The segmentation result of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 20. Comparison between the segmentation results of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 21. Fine registration results of the proposed method of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 22. Coherence coefficient diagrams and interferograms after registration of common InSAR methods of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 23. Coherence coefficient distribution with different methods of Jinhai Lake
- Figure 24. Topography result of the proposed method
- Figure 25. Laolin Gou experiment scene
- Figure 26. Motion components of two trajectories in Laolin Gou
- Figure 27. DEM results from SRTM of Laolin Gou
- Figure 28. The imaging result of Laolin Gou
- Figure 29. Coherence coefficient diagram and interferogram with 13 m baseline before registration of Laolin Gou
- Figure 30. Threshold results of Laolin Gou
- Figure 31. Segmentation result of Laolin Gou
- Figure 32. Fine registration results of the proposed method of Laolin Gou
- Figure 33. Coherence coefficient diagrams and interferograms after registration of common InSAR methods of Laolin Gou
- Figure 34. Coherence coefficient distribution with different methods of Laolin Gou