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 雷达学报  2018, Vol. 7 Issue (6): 655-663  DOI: 10.12000/JR18088 0

### 引用本文

Xu Xiaojian and Liu Yongze. Three-dimensional interferometric mimo radar imaging for target scattering diagnosis[J]. Journal of Radars, 2018, 7(6): 655-663. DOI: 10.12000/JR18088.

### 文章历史

MIMO雷达三维干涉诊断成像方法

(北京航空航天大学   北京   100191)
(石家庄铁道大学   石家庄   050043)

Three-dimensional Interferometric MIMO Radar Imaging for Target Scattering Diagnosis
Xu Xiaojian, Liu Yongze
(Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)
(Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China)
Foundation Item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (61371005)
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) imaging is of importance for diagnostic studies of target scattering mechanisms. Rail SAR and turntable ISAR are currently widely applied techniques for high resolution diagnostic imaging of complex targets. Three-dimensional (3D) imagery has the advantage of providing scattering magnitude and exact positions in altitude and in down-range and cross-range for each scattering center on a complex target. Thus, development of various 3D imaging radar systems for diagnostic measurements is attracting increasing attention from radar researchers. In this work, a novel 3D imaging method based on Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar and interferometric SAR processing is proposed. First, a MIMO array capable of interferometric measurement with high aperture utilization ratio is designed and tested. Then, a signal model for interferometric MIMO radar is formulated. The relation between interferometric phase and scatterer altitude is specifically analyzed, and a 3D image formation algorithm is developed. Finally, a numerical simulation and field data acquired using experimental MIMO radar system are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed method for target scattering diagnosis. The proposed method has more advantages than current 3D imaging techniques, such as high measurement efficiency, low research and development cost, and strong environmental adaptability.
1 引言

2 阵列设计

 图 1 MIMO阵列设计 Fig.1 MIMO array design
3 信号模型及算法 3.1 信号模型

 图 2 3维干涉成像几何关系 Fig.2 Three-dimensional interferometric imaging geometry

$R_{{\rm T}m}^{{\rm{top}}}$ 进行泰勒展开

${\sigma ^{{\rm{top}}}}(x,y) = \sigma (x,y,z){{\rm e}^{ - {\rm{j}}\scriptsize\displaystyle\frac{{2{{π}}{f_k}}}{c}\left( {\frac{{{z^2} - 2zh}}{{2{R_{{\rm T}m}}}} + \frac{{{z^2}}}{{2{R_{{\rm R}n}}}}} \right)}}$ ，则式(12)变换为

3.2 散射中心高程解算分析和3维干涉成像算法

 图 3 散射中心高程解算流程 Fig.3 Procedure of scatterer altitude calculation

4 实验结果及分析 4.1 数值仿真计算

 图 4 飞机模型MIMO雷达3D干涉成像仿真结果 Fig.4 Simulation results of MIMO radar 3D interferometric imaging for an aircraft model
4.2 外场实测结果及分析

X波段MIMO雷达原理实验系统如图5所示，工作于时间分集模式，主要构成包括：发射阵列、接收阵列、射频开关矩阵、低噪声放大器、功率放大器、雷达接收机/发射机及控制与信号处理系统。

 图 5 MIMO雷达实验系统 Fig.5 Photo of the experimental MIMO radar

 图 6 金属球组合体3D干涉成像测量场景 Fig.6 Practical measurement scene of metallic spheres for 3D interferometric imaging
 图 7 金属球组合体MIMO雷达 3D干涉成像测量结果 Fig.7 Experimental results of MIMO radar 3D interferometric imaging for metallic spheres

 图 8 全尺寸飞机模型MIMO雷达3D干涉成像测量结果 Fig.8 Experimental results of MIMO radar 3D interferometric imaging for a full-scale aircraft model

5 结束语