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摘要: 针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)在抗间歇采样转发干扰(ISRJ)时，现有抗干扰波形成像旁瓣高的问题，该文提出利用SAR多脉冲积累成像所带来的方位自由度，通过多脉冲互补同时提升抗干扰与成像低旁瓣能力，首先构建了方位多脉冲互补模式下的SAR点扩展函数(PSF)信号模型，在此基础上，建立了以最大化干扰抑制性能与最小化PSF旁瓣水平为核心目标的非凸多目标联合优化模型。为求解该复杂非凸优化问题，该文设计了一种二维联合优化抗ISRJ互补波形算法。该算法采用交替迭代优化框架将原问题解耦为波形与滤波器两个子问题，通过闭式更新实现波形与滤波器的协同设计。实验结果表明，相较于现有传统单波形抗干扰方法的最优结果，该文所提方法将干扰积分电平比(JILR)和干扰峰值电平比(JPLR)分别提升了12.85 dB和3.83 dB，同时将积分旁瓣比(ISLR)和峰值旁瓣比(PSLR)改善了24.96 dB和11.40 dB。该文方法不仅显著提升了抗干扰性能，同时有效抑制了距离旁瓣与距离-方位耦合旁瓣，显著改善了复杂电磁干扰环境下的合成孔径雷达成像质量。Abstract: To address the high imaging sidelobe levels associated with existing antijamming waveform design methods for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) under Interrupted-Sampling Repeater Jamming (ISRJ), this paper exploits the degrees of freedom provided by coherent multipulse integration in SAR imaging. Multipulse complementarity enables simultaneous improvement of antijamming capability and low-sidelobe imaging performance. Specifically, an SAR Point Spread Function (PSF) signal model is first established for the azimuth multipulse complementary waveform mode. Based on this model, a nonconvex multiobjective joint optimization framework is developed to maximize jamming suppression and minimize PSF sidelobe levels. To solve this challenging optimization problem, a two-Dimensional Joint Optimization of Complementary waveforms for Anti-ISRJ (2D-JOCA) algorithm is proposed. By adopting an alternating iterative optimization framework, the algorithm decomposes the original problem into two subproblems—waveform and filter optimization—and achieves their cooperative design through closed-form updates. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the best results of existing traditional single-waveform antijamming methods, the proposed approach improves the jamming integrated level ratio and jamming peak level ratio by 12.85 and 3.83 dB, respectively, while reducing the integrated sidelobe ratio and peak sidelobe ratio by 24.96 and 11.40 dB, respectively. The proposed approach not only significantly enhances antijamming capability but also effectively suppresses range sidelobes and range–azimuth coupled sidelobes, thereby improving SAR imaging quality in complex electromagnetic interference environments.
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图 1 机载SAR波形捷变模式观测几何示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of observation geometry for airborne SAR waveform agility mode
图 2 二维联合优化抗ISRJ互补波形与滤波器联合处理架构
Figure 2. Joint processing architecture of two-dimensional jointly optimized anti-ISRJ complementary waveforms and filters
图 4 不同方法干扰与滤波器的互相关函数对比
Figure 4. Comparison of cross-correlation functions between jamming and filters of different methods
图 5 非相干积累验证的蒙特卡罗实验结果
Figure 5. Monte Carlo experiment results of non-coherent integration verification
图 6 干扰机不同转发策略干扰与滤波器的互相关函数对比
Figure 6. Comparison of cross-correlation functions between jamming and filters under different jammer forwarding strategies
图 7 不同方法波形与滤波器的互相关函数对比
Figure 7. Comparison of cross-correlation functions between waveforms and filters of different methods
图 9 点阵目标场景抗ISRJ成像结果距离向剖面对比
Figure 9. Comparison of range profiles of anti-ISRJ imaging results in point array target scene
图 10 扩展目标场景抗ISRJ二维成像结果对比
Figure 10. Comparison of 2D anti-ISRJ imaging results in extended target scene
1 2D-JOCA
1. 2D-JOCA
输入：$ {\boldsymbol{X}}^{(0)} $,$ {\boldsymbol{H}}^{(0)} $，权重w, $ \varepsilon $, $ {\lambda }_{1} $, $ {\lambda }_{2} $, q，惩罚$ \rho _{m}^{(0)} $； 输出：$ {\boldsymbol{X}}^{*} $, $ {\boldsymbol{H}}^{*} $； 重复 1：由式计算$ \boldsymbol{d}_{m}^{(i)} $，$ m=1,2\cdots ,M $； 2：由式(28)构造MM上界$ {\mu }_{h} $； 3：由式(31)更新$ \boldsymbol{h}_{m}^{(i+1)} $； 4：更新滤波器$ \boldsymbol{H} $； 重复 5：由式计算$ \boldsymbol{z}_{m}^{(s,\ell)} $与$ {\mu }_{x} $； 6：由式更新$ \boldsymbol{x}_{m}^{(s,\ell+1)} $； 7：由式更新$ \boldsymbol{y}_{m}^{(s+1)} $； 8：由式更新$ \boldsymbol{u}_{m}^{(s+1)} $； 9：由式更新$ \rho _{m}^{(s+1)} $并裁剪$ \boldsymbol{u}_{m}^{(s+1)} $; 10：$ s=s+1 $ 直到满足内层迭代次数 11：更新波形$ {\boldsymbol{X}}^{(i+1)}\leftarrow {\boldsymbol{X}}^{(s+1)} $； 12：$ i=i+1 $； 直到满足停止条件。 
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表 1 机载SAR系统仿真参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters of airborne SAR system
类型 数值 类型 数值 平台高度 3000 m 码长 200 载频 10 GHz 距离向采样点数 512 带宽 300 MHz 方位脉冲数 512 脉宽 0.5 μs 脉冲重复频率 500 Hz 采样率 400 MHz 目标中心坐标 ( 5000 m, 0, 0)平台速度 150 m/s 干扰占空比 20%
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